My project aims to understand how structural genomic variations, in particular copy number variations (CNVs), can have a role in adaptation of maize (Zea mays) to the environment. In particular, it is aim of the project the screening of CNVs to increase knowledge about these variations, and the study of their role on post-domestication traits responsible for adaptation to drought stress and heat stress. A search for traits most relevant to drought and heat stress tolerance has led to the identification and selection of a number of them, among which those correlated with flowering and seed set/maturation were identified as prominent. The panel identified is the DROPS project panel of European inbred lines for which there is available an evaluation of some essential phenotypic traits like male and female flowering time, anthesis-silking interval, height of the plants, height of ear, height of tassel, grain yield and grain weight. Some of the lines belonging to the panel have been already sequenced and the data are available publicly. The rest of the panel was sequenced with a short reads whole-genome sequencing approach, with a mean coverage of 5X, from samples collected from fresh leaves. The reads obtained were filtered and mapped against the reference genome, and the same is done for the previously sequenced lines. The reads were also used to perform a SNP calling and a structural variant (CNV and PAV) calling. Another part of the project aims to study the genomic diversity and its association to adaptation traits, of a maize inbred lines panel, subset of a larger collection preserved at CREA Bergamo Genebank. The panel includes inbred lines derived from traditional Italian maize varieties. The panel composed of more than a hundred lines represents the Italian maize diversity for inbred lines, as regards the class of maturity and cob features. The lines were thus planted in open field in three growing seasons, 2022, 2023 and 2024, to evaluate a number of traits related to drought and heat stress as the anthesis-silking interval (ASI), the height of the plant and the date of flowering. After harvest, other traits were collected as the length of the cob, the number of ranks and the number of seeds for rank. The panel also included line B73, the reference line and reference genome for maize. The lines belongs to a panel already genotyped with a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach and these genomic data and the data collected in open field to perform a GWAS analysis focused on traits connected to flowering time.
Il progetto mira a comprendere come le variazioni genomiche strutturali, in particolare le variazioni nel numero di copie (CNV), possano avere un ruolo nell'adattamento del mais (Zea mays) all'ambiente. In particolare, l'obiettivo del progetto è lo screening delle CNV per aumentare la conoscenza di queste variazioni e lo studio del loro ruolo nei tratti post-domesticazione responsabili dell'adattamento allo stress da siccità e calore. Una ricerca dei caratteri più rilevanti per la tolleranza allo stress da siccità e da caldo ha portato all'identificazione e alla selezione di diversi di questi, tra cui quelli correlati alla fioritura e alla formazione/maturazione dei semi sono stati identificati come prominenti. Il panel identificato è il pannello di linee inbred europee del progetto DROPS per il quale è disponibile una valutazione di alcuni tratti fenotipici essenziali come la fioritura maschile e femminile, l'intervallo di fioritura (anthesis-silking interval, ASI), l'altezza della pianta, l'altezza della spiga, l'altezza del pennacchio, la resa e il peso della granella. Alcune delle linee appartenenti al panel sono già state sequenziate e i dati sono disponibili pubblicamente. Il resto del panel è stato sequenziato con un approccio di sequenziamento whole-genome short reads, con un coverage media di 5X, da campioni ottenuti da foglie fresche. Le reads ottenute sono state filtrate e mappate contro il genoma di riferimento, e lo stesso è stato fatto per le linee precedentemente sequenziate. Le letture sono anche utilizzate per effettuare la chiamata degli SNP e la chiamata delle varianti strutturali (CNV e PAV). Un'altra parte del progetto mira a studiare la diversità genomica e la sua associazione con caratteri di adattamento, di un panel di linee inbred di mais, che rappresentano un sottoinsieme di una collezione più ampia conservata presso la Banca del Germoplasma CREA di Bergamo. Il panel include linee inbred derivate da varietà tradizionali italiane di mais. Il panel, composto da più di cento linee, rappresenta la diversità del mais italiano per le linee inbred, per quanto riguarda la classe di maturazione e le caratteristiche della spiga. Le linee sono state piantate in campo in tre stagioni di crescita, 2022, 2023 e 2024, per valutare una serie di caratteri relativi allo stress da siccità e da caldo come l'intervallo di fioritura (ASI), l'altezza della pianta e la data di fioritura. Dopo il raccolto, sono stati valutati altri caratteri fenotipici come la lunghezza della spiga, il numero di ranghi e il numero di semi per rango. Il panel includeva anche la linea B73, la linea di riferimento e il genoma di riferimento per il mais. Le linee appartengono a un panel già genotipizzato con un approccio di genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) e questi dati genomici e i dati raccolti in campo sono stati utilizzati per eseguire un'analisi GWAS focalizzata sui caratteri legati all’intervallo di fioritura.
La variazione genetica alla base dell'adattamento all'ambiente nel mais
CASSOL, HELGA
2025
Abstract
My project aims to understand how structural genomic variations, in particular copy number variations (CNVs), can have a role in adaptation of maize (Zea mays) to the environment. In particular, it is aim of the project the screening of CNVs to increase knowledge about these variations, and the study of their role on post-domestication traits responsible for adaptation to drought stress and heat stress. A search for traits most relevant to drought and heat stress tolerance has led to the identification and selection of a number of them, among which those correlated with flowering and seed set/maturation were identified as prominent. The panel identified is the DROPS project panel of European inbred lines for which there is available an evaluation of some essential phenotypic traits like male and female flowering time, anthesis-silking interval, height of the plants, height of ear, height of tassel, grain yield and grain weight. Some of the lines belonging to the panel have been already sequenced and the data are available publicly. The rest of the panel was sequenced with a short reads whole-genome sequencing approach, with a mean coverage of 5X, from samples collected from fresh leaves. The reads obtained were filtered and mapped against the reference genome, and the same is done for the previously sequenced lines. The reads were also used to perform a SNP calling and a structural variant (CNV and PAV) calling. Another part of the project aims to study the genomic diversity and its association to adaptation traits, of a maize inbred lines panel, subset of a larger collection preserved at CREA Bergamo Genebank. The panel includes inbred lines derived from traditional Italian maize varieties. The panel composed of more than a hundred lines represents the Italian maize diversity for inbred lines, as regards the class of maturity and cob features. The lines were thus planted in open field in three growing seasons, 2022, 2023 and 2024, to evaluate a number of traits related to drought and heat stress as the anthesis-silking interval (ASI), the height of the plant and the date of flowering. After harvest, other traits were collected as the length of the cob, the number of ranks and the number of seeds for rank. The panel also included line B73, the reference line and reference genome for maize. The lines belongs to a panel already genotyped with a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach and these genomic data and the data collected in open field to perform a GWAS analysis focused on traits connected to flowering time.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/202153
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMORE-202153