By the end of the 20th century, modern languages were no longer seen solely as communication tools but as intangible cultural heritage to be protected. Realising that many of these languages were in danger of extinction made it urgent to safeguard them. To this end, on 5 November 1992, the Council of Europe promulgated the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, identifying them as an ‘expression of cultural wealth’ and encouraging Member States to preserve and promote them by the requirement to ratify the Charter. Nevertheless, many players, including local and regional authorities, research centres, schools and associations, are participating in the European debate on the subject and getting involved. However, the resulting linguistic policies and/or developments are of little interest to museums. However, according to ICOM’s definition of museums in 2022, museums today are inherently involved in safeguarding tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Although the exhibition remains an instrument for promotion and transmission, the term ‘museification’ is often used to describe museum installations (such as picture rails, showcases, text panels, etc.) that are used to safeguard the ICH. However, with their creative and didactic potential, others transcend this ‘bricks and mortar’ representation, mainly through new devices such as digital technology, making it possible to integrate multimedia content relating to these heritages’ evolving practices and knowledge. Digital technology is helping to fulfil the mission of interaction and even active participation by the public that museums have sought to achieve since the era of the New Museology of the 1970s. Europe also advocates the use of digital technology to develop and update culture. However, not all museums are taking advantage of this, and few worldwide are dedicated to languages, particularly regional and minority languages, despite strong mobilisation in some European territories. Based on this observation, and by studying a corpus of twenty-six museums in northern Italy and southern France, my project aims to promote the enhancement of regional and minority languages by designing a digital museum. I will also demonstrate its relevance in terms of a multilingual sharing space. Museum institutions can draw inspiration from it or even integrate it. I will also explain why language underpins tangible cultural heritage and how its preservation is defended through the prism of ethnographic objects, in this case, the kutxa and the altsón. Analysing and linking the data gathered during my exploratory work will enable me to define the foundations of my project, supported by the study of the musée Basque et de l’histoire de Bayonne in the French Basque Country in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department and the Museo dell’Artigianato Valdostano di tradizione (MAV) in the Valle d’Aosta, in Fénis, Italy. These museums are my fields of observation and methodological experimentation. Located in areas with unique histories, they work to promote their respective regional or minority languages: Basque and Francoprovençal. To launch my digital museum, which is currently in the prototype stage, these languages will be the focus of targeted promotion.
Dalla fine del XXesimo secolo, le lingue moderne non sono più state viste solo come strumenti di comunicazione, ma come un patrimonio culturale immateriale da proteggere. La consapevolezza dell’esistenza di lingue in pericolo di estinzione ha reso urgente la loro salvaguardia. A tal fine, il 5 novembre 1992, il Consiglio d'Europa ha promulgato la Carta europea delle lingue regionali o minoritarie, identificandole come “espressione di ricchezza culturale” e incoraggiando gli Stati membri a preservarle e promuoverle. Alcuni Stati membri non hanno ratificato la Carta. Nonostante, un'ampia gamma di attori, tra cui autorità locali e regionali, centri di ricerca, scuole e associazioni, si siano occupati del problema, pochi hanno generato azioni concrete a livello europeo. Le politiche e/o gli sviluppi linguistici che ne derivano per quanto significativi a livello delle istituzioni europee appaiono limitate e di scarso interesse per le istituzioni museali locali che faticano a fare rete e ad accedere a bandi ed azioni di coordinamento comunitarie. Tuttavia, secondo la definizione del museo data dall'ICOM nel 2022, oggi i musei sono intrinsecamente coinvolti nella salvaguardia del patrimonio culturale materiale e immateriale. Sebbene l'esposizione rimanga uno strumento di promozione e di trasmissione, il termine “museificazione” è spesso utilizzato per descrivere delle installazioni museali (come vetrine, pannelli di testo, schermi ecc.) che vengono utilizzate per salvaguardare il patrimonio in forme poco dinamiche e coinvolgenti per il pubblico. Tuttavia, alcuni musei, con il loro potenziale creativo e didattico, trascendono questa rappresentazione di luoghi obsoleti, grazie all'uso di nuovi dispositivi come la tecnologia digitale, che consente di integrare contenuti multimediali relativi alle pratiche e alle conoscenze in evoluzione di questi patrimoni. La tecnologia digitale sta contribuendo a realizzare la missione di interazione e persino di partecipazione attiva del pubblico che i musei hanno cercato di raggiungere fin dall'epoca della Nuova Museologia degli anni Settanta. Anche l'Europa sostiene l'uso della tecnologia digitale per sviluppare e aggiornare la cultura. Tuttavia, non tutti i musei ne approfittano e pochi nel mondo sono dedicati alle lingue, in particolare a quelle regionali e minoritarie, nonostante la forte mobilitazione in alcuni territori europei. Partendo da questa osservazione e studiando un corpus di ventisei musei situati principalmente nel nord Italia e nel sud della Francia, il mio progetto mira a promuovere la valorizzazione delle lingue regionali e minoritarie attraverso la concezione di un museo digitale. Ne dimostrerò la rilevanza socio-culturale in termini di spazio di condivisione multilingue. Le istituzioni museali potranno trarne ispirazione integrando il progetto nella propia vision e missione culturale. Spiegherò anche perché la lingua è alla base del patrimonio culturale tangibile e come, attraverso il prisma degli oggetti etnografici, in questo caso la kutxa e l'altsón, se ne difenda la conservazione. L'analisi e il collegamento dei dati raccolti durante il mio lavoro esplorativo mi permetteranno di definire le basi del progetto, attraverso lo studio del Musée Basque et de l'histoire de Bayonne nei Paesi Baschi, nel dipartimento dei Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in Francia, e del Museo dell'Artigianato Valdostano di tradizione (MAV) in Valle d'Aosta, a Fénis, in Italia. Questi musei sono i miei campi di osservazione e di sperimentazione metodologica. Situati in aree con storie uniche, lavorano per promuovere le rispettive lingue regionali o minoritarie: il basco e il francoprovenzale. Queste lingue saranno dunque le target del mio museo digitale, attualmente in fase di prototipo.
Du basque au francoprovençal : valorisation des langues régionales ou minoritaires par la conception d'un musée numérique européen
DOMENGÈS, MARIE
2025
Abstract
By the end of the 20th century, modern languages were no longer seen solely as communication tools but as intangible cultural heritage to be protected. Realising that many of these languages were in danger of extinction made it urgent to safeguard them. To this end, on 5 November 1992, the Council of Europe promulgated the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, identifying them as an ‘expression of cultural wealth’ and encouraging Member States to preserve and promote them by the requirement to ratify the Charter. Nevertheless, many players, including local and regional authorities, research centres, schools and associations, are participating in the European debate on the subject and getting involved. However, the resulting linguistic policies and/or developments are of little interest to museums. However, according to ICOM’s definition of museums in 2022, museums today are inherently involved in safeguarding tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Although the exhibition remains an instrument for promotion and transmission, the term ‘museification’ is often used to describe museum installations (such as picture rails, showcases, text panels, etc.) that are used to safeguard the ICH. However, with their creative and didactic potential, others transcend this ‘bricks and mortar’ representation, mainly through new devices such as digital technology, making it possible to integrate multimedia content relating to these heritages’ evolving practices and knowledge. Digital technology is helping to fulfil the mission of interaction and even active participation by the public that museums have sought to achieve since the era of the New Museology of the 1970s. Europe also advocates the use of digital technology to develop and update culture. However, not all museums are taking advantage of this, and few worldwide are dedicated to languages, particularly regional and minority languages, despite strong mobilisation in some European territories. Based on this observation, and by studying a corpus of twenty-six museums in northern Italy and southern France, my project aims to promote the enhancement of regional and minority languages by designing a digital museum. I will also demonstrate its relevance in terms of a multilingual sharing space. Museum institutions can draw inspiration from it or even integrate it. I will also explain why language underpins tangible cultural heritage and how its preservation is defended through the prism of ethnographic objects, in this case, the kutxa and the altsón. Analysing and linking the data gathered during my exploratory work will enable me to define the foundations of my project, supported by the study of the musée Basque et de l’histoire de Bayonne in the French Basque Country in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department and the Museo dell’Artigianato Valdostano di tradizione (MAV) in the Valle d’Aosta, in Fénis, Italy. These museums are my fields of observation and methodological experimentation. Located in areas with unique histories, they work to promote their respective regional or minority languages: Basque and Francoprovençal. To launch my digital museum, which is currently in the prototype stage, these languages will be the focus of targeted promotion.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/202298
URN:NBN:IT:UNIGE-202298