The emergence of exceptional, unforeseen, and unregulatable events, which pose a risk to the preservation and survival of a legal system, is an inevitable occurrence in the life of any such system. Consequently, the most advanced legal systems, in order to preserve their social structure and, ultimately, ensure their own survival, have developed emergency law, aimed at addressing exceptional events through the use of extraordinary organisational mechanisms and tools. The pandemic emergency has brought back to the forefront a long-standing issue that has always interested jurists and the legal world, prompting scholars and legal practitioners to question the compatibility between the measures adopted to address it and our legal system, and more generally, between emergency measures and the legal order. To understand the concept of emergency as a legal phenomenon, and how the organisational mechanisms and extraordinary tools provided by the legal system to address it are structured, this paper, as an introduction, seeks to define the scope of the inquiry and its starting point. It attempts to clarify related yet distinct terms such as emergency, necessity, and exception, as well as the closely related concepts of a state of emergency, state of necessity, and state of exception. With this preliminary clarification, which enables us to understand what is compatible with a democratic legal system and what is not, attention is then focused on administrative power during an emergency and the concept(s) of emergency administration functions. These concepts are analysed from three perspectives: the acts involved in managing the emergency; the activities through which emergency administration is carried out; and the organisation of the entities involved in handling an emergency situation. After examining the emergency from a general perspective, the focus shifts to the immediate (and non-immediate) response of public authorities during the recent pandemic emergency and how this response has impacted our legal system in various ways. Furthermore, another point of reflection is the response at both European and national levels to an emergency that has now become stabilised and more appropriately falls within the definition of a "crisis": the climate crisis. In this second case, the challenge is not to address an unforeseen and unpredictable event (although genuine emergencies may arise from the climate crisis), but rather to plan for crisis management by identifying the appropriate tools for overcoming it. The paper concludes with final reflections, attempting to summarise the analysis and offer some insights for the future.
L’emersione di fatti eccezionali, non previsti e non regolabili preventivamente e, pertanto, tali da mettere a rischio la conservazione e la sopravvivenza di un ordinamento giuridico, è un evento inevitabile nella vita di quest’ultimo. Di conseguenza, gli ordinamenti giuridici più evoluti, al fine di conservare il proprio assetto sociale, nonché, in ultima istanza, di assicurare la loro stessa sopravvivenza, si sono dotati di un diritto dell’emergenza, volto a fronteggiare eventi eccezionali, mediante il ricorso ad apparati organizzatori e strumenti straordinari. L’emergenza pandemica ha riproposto uno dei temi che da sempre hanno interessato il giurista e il mondo del diritto, portando gli studiosi e gli operatori del diritto ad interrogarsi sulla compatibilità tra le misure adottate per farvi fronte e il nostro ordinamento, e, più in generale, tra le misure emergenziali e l’ordinamento giuridico. Per comprendere l’emergenza come fenomeno giuridico e come all’interno di tale fenomeno si articolino gli apparati organizzatori e gli strumenti straordinari predisposti dall’ordinamento per farvi fronte, il presente lavoro, a mo’ di premessa, ha inteso definire il campo dell’indagine e il suo punto di partenza, tentando di fare chiarezza fra termini vicini, benché differenti, quali quelli di emergenza, necessità ed eccezione, e i sintagmi, strettamente connessi a questi ultimi, di stato di emergenza, stato di necessità e stato di eccezione. Fatta questa premessa, attraverso la quale è stato possibile comprendere cosa sia compatibile con un ordinamento democratico e cosa non lo sia, l’attenzione è stata posta sul potere amministrativo nell’emergenza e sulla nozione (rectius: le nozioni) di funzione di amministrazione dell’emergenza, analizzando tali concetti sotto tre profili: gli atti di gestione dell’emergenza; le attività in cui si estrinseca l’amministrazione dell’emergenza; l’organizzazione dei soggetti coinvolti nella gestione di una situazione emergenziale. Analizzata l’emergenza sotto un profilo generale, il focus è stato indirizzato sulla risposta immediata (e non) dei pubblici poteri in occasione della recente emergenza pandemica e su come essa abbia impattato con il nostro ordinamento sotto diversi aspetti. Inoltre, un ulteriore spunto di riflessione è stata la risposta, a livello europeo e nazionale, ad un’emergenza che può dirsi ormai stabilizzata e più propriamente rientrante nella definizione di “crisi”: quella climatica. In questo secondo caso, infatti, non si tratta di far fronte all’emersione di un fatto imprevisto ed imprevedibile (benché dalla crisi climatica possano derivare vere e proprie emergenze), quanto piuttosto di pianificare la gestione della crisi, individuando gli strumenti idonei al suo superamento. Il lavoro si conclude con delle riflessioni finali, con le quali si tenta di tirare le fila di quanto analizzato in precedenza e di offrire alcuni spunti per il futuro.
Amministrare l'emergenza
BRIGNOLI, NICOLA
2025
Abstract
The emergence of exceptional, unforeseen, and unregulatable events, which pose a risk to the preservation and survival of a legal system, is an inevitable occurrence in the life of any such system. Consequently, the most advanced legal systems, in order to preserve their social structure and, ultimately, ensure their own survival, have developed emergency law, aimed at addressing exceptional events through the use of extraordinary organisational mechanisms and tools. The pandemic emergency has brought back to the forefront a long-standing issue that has always interested jurists and the legal world, prompting scholars and legal practitioners to question the compatibility between the measures adopted to address it and our legal system, and more generally, between emergency measures and the legal order. To understand the concept of emergency as a legal phenomenon, and how the organisational mechanisms and extraordinary tools provided by the legal system to address it are structured, this paper, as an introduction, seeks to define the scope of the inquiry and its starting point. It attempts to clarify related yet distinct terms such as emergency, necessity, and exception, as well as the closely related concepts of a state of emergency, state of necessity, and state of exception. With this preliminary clarification, which enables us to understand what is compatible with a democratic legal system and what is not, attention is then focused on administrative power during an emergency and the concept(s) of emergency administration functions. These concepts are analysed from three perspectives: the acts involved in managing the emergency; the activities through which emergency administration is carried out; and the organisation of the entities involved in handling an emergency situation. After examining the emergency from a general perspective, the focus shifts to the immediate (and non-immediate) response of public authorities during the recent pandemic emergency and how this response has impacted our legal system in various ways. Furthermore, another point of reflection is the response at both European and national levels to an emergency that has now become stabilised and more appropriately falls within the definition of a "crisis": the climate crisis. In this second case, the challenge is not to address an unforeseen and unpredictable event (although genuine emergencies may arise from the climate crisis), but rather to plan for crisis management by identifying the appropriate tools for overcoming it. The paper concludes with final reflections, attempting to summarise the analysis and offer some insights for the future.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tesi dottorato - N.pdf
embargo fino al 13/04/2028
Dimensione
1.8 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.8 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/202463
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMORE-202463