The apostolic nuncio Francesco Vitelli (1582-1646), belonging to an ancient and noble family from Città di Castello, is as interesting a figure as he is elusive until now. Although his ecclesiastical career has been studied previously, the breadth and variety of his cultural and artistic interests has never come to light. In fact, he was the perfect trait-d'union between Venice and the Barberini circle during the decade before the umpteenth rupture between the Ecclesiastical State and the Serenissima unleashed by the first Castro War (1641-1644). While knowledge about the Vitelli family between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries has expanded in recent decades, Francesco Vitelli's character remains largely unknown within art history. The aim of this research is to reconstruct the sixteenth and seventeenth-century art collection of the Vitelli dell'Amatrice branch, one of the most important families of the time, with particular emphasis on the figure of Francesco Vitelli — apostolic nuncio in Venice from 1632 to 1643 and later archbishop of Urbino — as well as his great-grandson Giovanni who inherited his possessions. The objective of the dissertation is to trace the history of the collection until its dispersal in the second half of the seventeenth century. Francesco on one hand inherited the collection from his father Vincenzo, who himself had acquired the collection of the renowned condottiere Alessandro Vitelli and his wife Angela de' Rossi, on the other hand Francesco's treasures then grew as he amassed art and antiquities of his own. Already during his stay in Rome, Vitelli had begun to increase his collections, putting together a great personal library that would then grow enormously in the Lagoon thanks to servants and helpers employed expressly to procure rare and forbidden books. When Francesco had to leave Venice in 1643, following the break in relations between Rome and the Serenissima, he informed the Papal Secretary of State that he had "30 chests of books" shipped out. The collection of paintings fully respects the taste of the time with a strong concentration on the great masters of the Golden Age of Venetian painting; the collection of medals and coins, meanwhile, reflects both the seventeenth century’s vogue for antiquity as well as the nuncio's personal interest penchant for the Roman era. The numismatic collection must have been particularly remarkable given that in 1644 the extraordinary nuncio Fabio Chigi, the future Pope Alexander VII, wrote to his friend Francesco that although Vitelli had started the collection twenty years after him, "he has accumulated twenty times as much as I have." Vitelli, a man of culture and an art connoisseur, was constantly in correspondence with members of the Barberini circle: their shared passion for collecting made him the ideal person to take on the role of art and book agent in Venice for his correspondents. As this dissertation demonstrates — thanks to the remarkable discovery of a book and inventory of the Vitelli collection — the nuncio's sojourn in the Serenissima allowed him to compile not only an important and impressive collection, but also to conceive the creation of a real museum, which undoubtedly grew in relation to and in competition with both Cassiano del Pozzo's Museo Puteano, Francesco Angeloni's Musaeum Romanum, and Francesco Barberini's own collection. The comparison with contemporary Roman collections thus becomes fundamental for understanding Francesco's taste, which constitutes an important building block in the deeper understanding of the market for art and books of the period, but also the broader culture of collections and antiquarianism. In 1640 Vitelli, thanks to an apostolic brief issued by Urban VIII, was granted Vitelli the right to dispose of his possessions and bequeath to his nephew, the cleric Alessandro, “the library, paintings and medals described in the Vitelliani inventory book” (i.e. the rediscovered Musaeum Vitellianum). The collection was later inherited by his great-grandson Giovanni Vitelli, who, due to financial problems, began dispersing the collection as early as the second half of the 1660s. With the premature death of all Giovanni's children and the extinction of the Vitelli dell'Amatrice branch, what was left of the nuncio's estate became the property of the Bourbon del Monte family in the 1690s, who did not hasten to put the goods inherited on the market.
Il nunzio apostolico Francesco Vitelli (1582-1646), di antica e nobile famiglia tifernate, è stato fino ad oggi una figura tanto interessante quanto sconosciuta: sebbene ne fosse stata indagata la carriera ecclesiastica, non era mai venuta alla luce l’ampiezza e la varietà dei suoi interessi culturali e artistici, che lo pongono quale perfetto trait-d’union tra la cerchia barberiniana e Venezia, nel decennio antecedente all’ennesima rottura tra lo Stato Ecclesiastico e la Serenissima scatenata dalla prima guerra di Castro (1641-1644). Se negli ultimi decenni si è ampliata la conoscenza sulla famiglia Vitelli tra Quattro e Cinquecento, il suo personaggio è rimasto sfuggente e per lo più ignoto agli studi storico-artistici. Lo scopo che si prefigge questa ricerca è quello di ricostruire la collezione d’arte cinque e seicentesca del ramo dei Vitelli dell’Amatrice, ovvero di una delle più importanti famiglie dell’epoca, concentrandosi sulla figura di Francesco Vitelli – che fu nunzio apostolico a Venezia dal 1632 al 1643 e successivamente arcivescovo di Urbino – e sul pronipote Giovanni, che ne ereditò i beni, per tracciare la storia della raccolta fino alla sua dispersione nella seconda metà del Seicento. Francesco, infatti, da una parte ereditò tramite il padre Vincenzo la collezione del rinomato condottiero Alessandro Vitelli e della moglie Angela de’ Rossi, dall’altra mise assieme una grande raccolta d’arte e antichità. Già a Roma aveva iniziato ad accrescere le proprie collezioni, mettendo assieme una raccolta libraria che in laguna si era ingrandita enormemente grazie a servitori e aiutanti impiegati nel reperimento di libri rari e proibiti: quando Francesco nel 1643 dovette lasciare Venezia, in seguito alla rottura dei rapporti tra Roma e la Serenissima, informò la Segreteria di Stato pontificia di aver fatto spedire “30 cassoni di libri”. La raccolta di dipinti rispetta pienamente il gusto collezionistico del tempo, rivolto al secolo d’oro della pittura veneziana, mentre la collezione di medaglie e monete rispecchia sia il gusto per l’antico tanto in voga all’epoca, sia gli interessi personali del nunzio per l’età romana. La raccolta numismatica doveva essere particolarmente straordinaria se nel 1644 il nunzio straordinario Fabio Chigi – futuro papa Alessandro VII – scriveva all’amico Francesco che sebbene avesse iniziato la raccolta vent’anni dopo di lui, “n’ha poi accumulate vinti volte più che ne ho fatto io”. Il Vitelli, uomo di cultura e intenditore d’arte, fu costantemente in rapporti epistolari con i membri della cerchia barberiniana: la passione collezionistica comune rese il Vitelli la persona ideale per assumere il ruolo di agente d’arte e librario in laguna per i suoi corrispondenti. Il soggiorno veneziano permise al nunzio di mettere assieme un’importante e imponente collezione e concepire la creazione di un vero e proprio museo – come testimonia il libro con l’inventario delle sue raccolte ora rinvenuto e presentato in questa tesi –, che probabilmente crebbe in relazione e competizione sia con il Museo Cartaceo di Cassiano del Pozzo e il Musaeum Romanum di Francesco Angeloni, sia con quello di Francesco Barberini. Il confronto con le contemporanee raccolte romane diviene quindi fondamentale per comprendere il gusto collezionistico di Francesco, che costituisce un importante tassello per una più approfondita conoscenza della cultura collezionistica e antiquaria nonché del mercato dell’arte e librario di quel periodo. Nel 1640 il Vitelli, grazie ad un breve apostolico di Urbano VIII, ottenne la facoltà di disporre dei propri beni e lasciò al nipote chierico Alessandro “la libraria, li quadri, le medaglie descritte nel libro inventario Vitelliani” (ovvero il Museum Vitellianum ritrovato). La raccolta passò poi in eredità al pronipote Giovanni Vitelli, che a causa di problemi economici iniziò la dispersione della raccolta già nella seconda metà degli anni Sessanta del Seicento. Morti prematuramente tutti i figli di Giovanni ed estintosi così il ramo dei Vitelli dell’Amatrice, ciò che rimaneva del patrimonio del nunzio confluì negli anni Novanta tra i beni dei Bourbon del Monte, che non tardarono a loro volta a mettere sul mercato i beni ereditati.
Il nunzio apostolico Francesco Vitelli (1582-1646): una “superbissima e ricca” collezione da Roma e Venezia a Città di Castello
BONAIUTI, ELISA
2025
Abstract
The apostolic nuncio Francesco Vitelli (1582-1646), belonging to an ancient and noble family from Città di Castello, is as interesting a figure as he is elusive until now. Although his ecclesiastical career has been studied previously, the breadth and variety of his cultural and artistic interests has never come to light. In fact, he was the perfect trait-d'union between Venice and the Barberini circle during the decade before the umpteenth rupture between the Ecclesiastical State and the Serenissima unleashed by the first Castro War (1641-1644). While knowledge about the Vitelli family between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries has expanded in recent decades, Francesco Vitelli's character remains largely unknown within art history. The aim of this research is to reconstruct the sixteenth and seventeenth-century art collection of the Vitelli dell'Amatrice branch, one of the most important families of the time, with particular emphasis on the figure of Francesco Vitelli — apostolic nuncio in Venice from 1632 to 1643 and later archbishop of Urbino — as well as his great-grandson Giovanni who inherited his possessions. The objective of the dissertation is to trace the history of the collection until its dispersal in the second half of the seventeenth century. Francesco on one hand inherited the collection from his father Vincenzo, who himself had acquired the collection of the renowned condottiere Alessandro Vitelli and his wife Angela de' Rossi, on the other hand Francesco's treasures then grew as he amassed art and antiquities of his own. Already during his stay in Rome, Vitelli had begun to increase his collections, putting together a great personal library that would then grow enormously in the Lagoon thanks to servants and helpers employed expressly to procure rare and forbidden books. When Francesco had to leave Venice in 1643, following the break in relations between Rome and the Serenissima, he informed the Papal Secretary of State that he had "30 chests of books" shipped out. The collection of paintings fully respects the taste of the time with a strong concentration on the great masters of the Golden Age of Venetian painting; the collection of medals and coins, meanwhile, reflects both the seventeenth century’s vogue for antiquity as well as the nuncio's personal interest penchant for the Roman era. The numismatic collection must have been particularly remarkable given that in 1644 the extraordinary nuncio Fabio Chigi, the future Pope Alexander VII, wrote to his friend Francesco that although Vitelli had started the collection twenty years after him, "he has accumulated twenty times as much as I have." Vitelli, a man of culture and an art connoisseur, was constantly in correspondence with members of the Barberini circle: their shared passion for collecting made him the ideal person to take on the role of art and book agent in Venice for his correspondents. As this dissertation demonstrates — thanks to the remarkable discovery of a book and inventory of the Vitelli collection — the nuncio's sojourn in the Serenissima allowed him to compile not only an important and impressive collection, but also to conceive the creation of a real museum, which undoubtedly grew in relation to and in competition with both Cassiano del Pozzo's Museo Puteano, Francesco Angeloni's Musaeum Romanum, and Francesco Barberini's own collection. The comparison with contemporary Roman collections thus becomes fundamental for understanding Francesco's taste, which constitutes an important building block in the deeper understanding of the market for art and books of the period, but also the broader culture of collections and antiquarianism. In 1640 Vitelli, thanks to an apostolic brief issued by Urban VIII, was granted Vitelli the right to dispose of his possessions and bequeath to his nephew, the cleric Alessandro, “the library, paintings and medals described in the Vitelliani inventory book” (i.e. the rediscovered Musaeum Vitellianum). The collection was later inherited by his great-grandson Giovanni Vitelli, who, due to financial problems, began dispersing the collection as early as the second half of the 1660s. With the premature death of all Giovanni's children and the extinction of the Vitelli dell'Amatrice branch, what was left of the nuncio's estate became the property of the Bourbon del Monte family in the 1690s, who did not hasten to put the goods inherited on the market.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/202923
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVR-202923