This doctoral thesis investigates the integration of bike-to-work schemes, last-mile delivery systems, and automated freight logistics as key components of sustainable urban mobility and logistics. By examining their environmental, economic, and social impacts, the research emphasizes how these interconnected strategies can address pressing urban challenges such as traffic congestion, emissions reduction, and resource efficiency. The first chapter focuses on bike-to-work (BTW) commuting and its relationship with subjective well-being (SWB). Using ISTAT national survey data, the study analyzes how cycling to work impacts life satisfaction and stress levels. Findings reveal that bike commuting positively correlates with reduced stress, improved mental health, and enhanced life satisfaction. Socio-economic factors, such as managerial roles and specific age groups, influence cycling adoption, while urban environmental factors play a lesser role. The chapter concludes that BTW initiatives are not only environmentally sustainable but also improve workplace productivity and reduce absenteeism. The second chapter explores innovations in last-mile delivery (LMD), focusing on parcel lockers (PLs) as a sustainable solution. Through a systematic literature review and insights from the Horizon Europe project Decarbomile, the study identifies barriers and drivers to PL adoption. While technological apprehension and installation costs remain challenges, parcel lockers demonstrate significant potential to optimize urban deliveries, reduce delivery failures, and improve cost efficiency. Findings suggest that PLs act as both logistical tools and innovative consumer services, enhancing delivery reliability and reducing urban congestion. The third chapter examines predictive maintenance (PM) in freight logistics, with a case study of the Port of Trieste. Supported by the Horizon Europe AUTOSUP project, the chapter investigates how IoT technologies and digital twins optimize freight train operations. Predictive maintenance reduces downtime, enhances resource allocation, and minimizes emissions. The findings highlight PM as a transformative tool for port efficiency and environmental sustainability, offering replicable best practices for other ports. The thesis concludes that integrating bike-to-work initiatives, innovative LMD solutions, and automated freight logistics creates a holistic framework for urban sustainability. These findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and logistics operators, underscoring the potential of aligned infrastructure, advanced technologies, and policy frameworks in building greener, smarter, and more resilient cities.
La presente tesi di dottorato dal titolo "Improving passenger and freight transport sustainability: an analysis on cycling mobility practices and urban logistics innovation" esamina l'integrazione di programmi bike-to-work, sistemi di consegna dell'ultimo miglio e logistica automatizzata delle merci come componenti chiave della mobilità e della logistica urbana sostenibile. Esaminando i loro impatti ambientali, economici e sociali, la ricerca sottolinea come queste strategie interconnesse possano affrontare urgenti sfide urbane come la congestione del traffico, la riduzione delle emissioni e l'efficienza delle risorse. Il primo capitolo si concentra sul pendolarismo bike-to-work (BTW) e la sua relazione con il benessere soggettivo (SWB). Utilizzando i dati dell'indagine nazionale ISTAT, lo studio analizza come il pendolarismo in bicicletta influisce sulla soddisfazione della vita e sui livelli di stress. I risultati rivelano che il pendolarismo in bicicletta è correlato positivamente con la riduzione dello stress, il miglioramento della salute mentale e l'aumento della soddisfazione della vita. Fattori socio-economici, come ruoli dirigenziali e fasce di età specifiche, influenzano l'adozione della bicicletta, mentre i fattori ambientali urbani svolgono un ruolo minore. Il capitolo conclude che le iniziative BTW non sono solo sostenibili dal punto di vista ambientale, ma migliorano anche la produttività sul posto di lavoro e riducono l'assenteismo. Il secondo capitolo esplora le innovazioni nella consegna dell'ultimo miglio (LMD), concentrandosi sui parcel locker (PL) come soluzione sostenibile. Attraverso una revisione sistematica della letteratura e approfondimenti dal progetto Horizon Europe Decarbomile, lo studio identifica barriere e fattori trainanti per l'adozione della PL. Mentre l'apprensione tecnologica e i costi di installazione rimangono sfide, i parcel locker dimostrano un potenziale significativo per ottimizzare le consegne urbane, ridurre i fallimenti nelle consegne e migliorare l'efficienza dei costi. I risultati suggeriscono che le PL agiscono sia come strumenti logistici che come servizi innovativi per i consumatori, migliorando l'affidabilità delle consegne e riducendo la congestione urbana. Il terzo capitolo esamina la manutenzione predittiva (PM) nella logistica del trasporto merci, con uno studio di caso del porto di Trieste. Supportato dal progetto Horizon Europe AUTOSUP, il capitolo esamina come le tecnologie IoT e i gemelli digitali ottimizzino le operazioni dei treni merci. La manutenzione predittiva riduce i tempi di fermo, migliora l'allocazione delle risorse e riduce al minimo le emissioni. I risultati evidenziano la PM come strumento trasformativo per l'efficienza portuale e la sostenibilità ambientale, offrendo best practice replicabili per altri porti. La tesi conclude che l'integrazione di iniziative bike-to-work, soluzioni LMD innovative e logistica automatizzata del trasporto merci crea un quadro olistico per la sostenibilità urbana. Questi risultati forniscono spunti concreti per decisori politici, urbanisti e operatori della logistica, sottolineando il potenziale di infrastrutture allineate, tecnologie avanzate e quadri politici nella costruzione di città più verdi, più intelligenti e più resilienti.
Improving Passenger and Freight Transport Sustainability: An Analysis on Cycling Mobility Practices and Logistics Innovation
DI RUOCCO, IRINA
2025
Abstract
This doctoral thesis investigates the integration of bike-to-work schemes, last-mile delivery systems, and automated freight logistics as key components of sustainable urban mobility and logistics. By examining their environmental, economic, and social impacts, the research emphasizes how these interconnected strategies can address pressing urban challenges such as traffic congestion, emissions reduction, and resource efficiency. The first chapter focuses on bike-to-work (BTW) commuting and its relationship with subjective well-being (SWB). Using ISTAT national survey data, the study analyzes how cycling to work impacts life satisfaction and stress levels. Findings reveal that bike commuting positively correlates with reduced stress, improved mental health, and enhanced life satisfaction. Socio-economic factors, such as managerial roles and specific age groups, influence cycling adoption, while urban environmental factors play a lesser role. The chapter concludes that BTW initiatives are not only environmentally sustainable but also improve workplace productivity and reduce absenteeism. The second chapter explores innovations in last-mile delivery (LMD), focusing on parcel lockers (PLs) as a sustainable solution. Through a systematic literature review and insights from the Horizon Europe project Decarbomile, the study identifies barriers and drivers to PL adoption. While technological apprehension and installation costs remain challenges, parcel lockers demonstrate significant potential to optimize urban deliveries, reduce delivery failures, and improve cost efficiency. Findings suggest that PLs act as both logistical tools and innovative consumer services, enhancing delivery reliability and reducing urban congestion. The third chapter examines predictive maintenance (PM) in freight logistics, with a case study of the Port of Trieste. Supported by the Horizon Europe AUTOSUP project, the chapter investigates how IoT technologies and digital twins optimize freight train operations. Predictive maintenance reduces downtime, enhances resource allocation, and minimizes emissions. The findings highlight PM as a transformative tool for port efficiency and environmental sustainability, offering replicable best practices for other ports. The thesis concludes that integrating bike-to-work initiatives, innovative LMD solutions, and automated freight logistics creates a holistic framework for urban sustainability. These findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and logistics operators, underscoring the potential of aligned infrastructure, advanced technologies, and policy frameworks in building greener, smarter, and more resilient cities.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/202979
URN:NBN:IT:UNINSUBRIA-202979