To date, the evaluation of the environmental impact is mainly focused on chemical, microbiological, and physical analyses. Nevertheless, the conventional monitoring strategy is hardly effective in identifying the synergistic or antagonistic effects of a combination of pollutants in a mixture as environmental samples (drinking water, groundwater, wastewater, sludge, and other biogenic matrices). Effect-based methods (EBM) have considerable promise for environmental monitoring as they can detect the biological effect elicited by all chemicals, both known and unknown, of the environmental samples, providing additional and complementary information to traditional chemical analyses. Until now, EBM has been predominantly employed in research, with a lower level of adoption by the environment sector and regulators. The primary goal of this research activity is to fill the gap in the mixture risk assessment, thus ensuring a high quality of environmental matrices. The first step was to assess the robustness and suitability of a variety of bioassays that encompass a wide range of endpoints (cytotoxicity, phytotoxicity, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and fish embryo toxicity) and different organisms in order to select the most practical test battery. The second stage involved the development of innovative elaboration data procedures that could promote the widespread use of biological results (through an easy-to-understand visualization) and a novel tool that integrates chemical and biological outcomes in order to calculate the environmental footprint. The results emphasize the significance of including bioassays into the monitoring plan in order to better evaluate the safety of environmental matrices.
Ad oggi, la valutazione dell'impatto ambientale si concentra principalmente su analisi chimiche, fisiche e microbiologiche. La strategia di monitoraggio convenzionale è, però, scarsamente efficacie nell'identificare gli effetti sinergici o antagonisti della molteplicità degli inquinanti presenti in un campione ambientale (acque potabili, acque sotterranee, acque reflue, fanghi e altre matrici biogeniche). I metodi basati sugli effetti (EBM) rappresentano strumenti molto promettenti per il monitoraggio ambientale, in quanto sono in grado di rilevare l'effetto biologico indotto dalla compresenza delle sostanze (note e ignote), fornendo informazioni aggiuntive e complementari alle analisi chimiche tradizionali. Finora questo approccio è stato utilizzato prevalentemente a livello di ricerca, con ricadute ancora limitate nel settore applicativo. L'obiettivo principale di questa attività di ricerca è quello di colmare le lacune presenti nella valutazione del rischio di matrici ambientali complesse. Il primo passo è stato quello di valutare la robustezza e l'idoneità di saggi biologici basati su un'ampia gamma di endpoint (citotossicità, fitotossicità, mutagenicità, genotossicità, alterazione del sistema endocrino ed embriotossicità) su diversi organismi, al fine di selezionare le batterie di test ottimali. La seconda fase ha riguardato lo sviluppo di una procedura innovativa di elaborazione dei dati per promuovere l’utilizzo dei risultati dei saggi tossicologici (ottenendo una visualizzazione di immediata e univoca comprensione ed interpretazione). I suddetti strumenti hanno consentito, nel contempo, l’integrazione delle analisi chimiche all’interno di strumenti per la valutazione dell’impronta ambientale. I risultati sottolineano l'importanza di includere i saggi ecotossicologici nei piani di monitoraggio per valutare la qualità delle matrici ambientali con un approccio olistico.
Effect-based monitoring: a holistic approach for protecting the environment and human health
MENGHINI, MICHELE
2025
Abstract
To date, the evaluation of the environmental impact is mainly focused on chemical, microbiological, and physical analyses. Nevertheless, the conventional monitoring strategy is hardly effective in identifying the synergistic or antagonistic effects of a combination of pollutants in a mixture as environmental samples (drinking water, groundwater, wastewater, sludge, and other biogenic matrices). Effect-based methods (EBM) have considerable promise for environmental monitoring as they can detect the biological effect elicited by all chemicals, both known and unknown, of the environmental samples, providing additional and complementary information to traditional chemical analyses. Until now, EBM has been predominantly employed in research, with a lower level of adoption by the environment sector and regulators. The primary goal of this research activity is to fill the gap in the mixture risk assessment, thus ensuring a high quality of environmental matrices. The first step was to assess the robustness and suitability of a variety of bioassays that encompass a wide range of endpoints (cytotoxicity, phytotoxicity, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and fish embryo toxicity) and different organisms in order to select the most practical test battery. The second stage involved the development of innovative elaboration data procedures that could promote the widespread use of biological results (through an easy-to-understand visualization) and a novel tool that integrates chemical and biological outcomes in order to calculate the environmental footprint. The results emphasize the significance of including bioassays into the monitoring plan in order to better evaluate the safety of environmental matrices.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi Menghini corretta.pdf
embargo fino al 12/05/2027
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/209321
URN:NBN:IT:UNIBS-209321