The objective of this PhD thesis is to restore the density and depth of the process that led to the elaboration of the grounded theory from which it takes its title. The methodological framework selected is consistent with the epistemology of reference (critical pedagogy; socio-constructivism; complexity theories), namely Constructivist Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2014). Data were collected through autoethnographic writings, intensive interviews with key witnesses, and analysis of scientific literature (Bianchi, 2019). The theoretical sampling, a distinctive feature of CGT, involved the reasoned selection of participants by the researcher in a continuously evolving process, reflecting the dynamic nature of the research itself. This approach contrasts with the a priori identification of a sample based on principles of fair distribution and representativeness. Three interconnected categories were thus identified. The various stages of coding and data analysis enabled the description of their properties and relationships, leading to the development of a substantive theory. This theory, situated in the preschool context, explores the relationship between education and ethics. This theory focuses on fostering ethical awareness through the implementation of a socio-ethical education curriculum (Baldacci, 2020). The principal elements of this curriculum include: a. the creation of conditions for meaningful educational experiences from an ethical standpoint, and for their reworking, individually and in groups; b. the educational relationship, regarded as an integral component of the educational setting; c. the intentionality and awareness of educators in combating ethical illiteracy — a term for which a preliminary definition is offered – with a view to the construction of Reflective Educating Communities. The three dense nodes of meaning, strongly connoted in a processual sense (also through the use of the gerund), can be defined as follows: a. making the ethical framework of educational action intentional and explicit; b. taking an ethical stance in educational relationships; c. becoming literate in emerging ethics. The emancipatory horizon (Freire, 1970; Biesta, 2012; Catarci, 2023) and the concept of engaged pedagogy (hooks, 1994) are central to this work and its position within the curriculum paradigm. This perspective, as put forth by Baldacci (2006), and the reflections on education and ethics by scholars such as Bertin (1968), Massa (1987), Dahlberg and Moss (2005), and Baldacci (2020), are also highly relevant. In this sense, the research is oriented towards the promotion of mental habits for a life of well-being and to enable everybody to consciously position themselves, according to their abilities, in a complex reality and to learn how to defend themselves from situations that, in different forms and degrees, can be oppressive. In synthesising diverse points of view (those of the participants, the researcher, and those derived from the literature), the project approach (Dahlberg & Moss, 2005; Gariboldi, 2015) was adopted as a foundational paradigm. It is configured as a particularly effective educational and didactic framework, and is also connected with ongoing training in reflexivity (Dewey, 1933; Michelini, 2016) and pedagogical supervision (D'Antone, 2023). The promotion of self-awareness, including one's interests, emotions and aspirations, as well as an understanding of the socio-economic reality in which one lives, has thus emerged as a crucial element of education for democratic citizenship (Westheimer, 2015). It advocates the three pivotal elements of a meaningful educational experience: self-expression; performance in which to act out one's skills; and, finally, the possibility of reflection on them (Massa, 2000).
Questa Tesi di Dottorato intende restituire la densità e la profondità del processo che ha condotto all'elaborazione della teoria grounded da cui prende il titolo. L'impianto metodologico scelto, coerentemente con l'epistemologia di riferimento (pedagogia critica; socio-costruttivismo; teorie della complessità), è la Constructivist Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2014). I dati sono stati raccolti tramite scritture autoetnografiche, interviste intensive a testimoni privilegiati e analisi della letteratura scientifica (Bianchi, 2019). Il campionamento teorico, tratto distintivo della CGT, ha previsto specifiche scelte ragionate, da parte del ricercatore, in una dimensione di continua evoluzione, al pari dell'iter di ricerca, anziché essere individuato a priori, in base a logiche di equa distribuzione e rappresentatività della popolazione di riferimento. Sono state così individuate tre categorie, intrecciate tra loro. Le diverse fasi di codifica e analisi dei dati (aperta; focalizzata; teorica) hanno permesso di descriverne le proprietà e le relazioni e, a valle della codifica teorica, è nata la teoria sostantiva, situata nel contesto della scuola dell'infanzia, inerente il rapporto tra educazione e etica. Questa è focalizzata sulla promozione di consapevolezza etica attraverso un Curricolo di educazione etico-sociale (Baldacci, 2020), del quale vengono approfondite le principali componenti: la strutturazione delle condizioni per esperienze educative significative dal punto di vista etico e per la loro rielaborazione, individualmente e in gruppo; la particolare attenzione dedicata alla relazione educativa in quanto elemento del setting in cui si svolge; l'intenzionalità e la consapevolezza di chi ha responsabilità educative nel lavoro di contrasto al fenomeno dell'analfabetismo etico – al quale si dedica un'attenzione specifica, proponendone una prima definizione - verso la costruzione di Comunità Educanti Riflessive. I nodi densi di significato, fortemente connotati in senso processuale (anche attraverso l'uso del gerundio), sono: rendendo intenzionale e esplicita la cornice etica dell’agire educativo; posizionandosi eticamente nella relazione educativa; alfabetizzandosi all’etica emergente. L'orizzonte emancipativo (Freire, 1970; Biesta, 2012; Catarci, 2023) e il carattere impegnato (hooks, 1994) caratterizzano questa elaborazione che si muove nell'alveo della prospettiva curricolare (Baldacci, 2006) e delle riflessioni circa il rapporto tra educazione e etica (Bertin, 1968; Massa 1987; Dahlberg & Moss, 2005; Baldacci, 2020). In tal senso, si orienta verso la promozione di abiti mentali per una vita di benessere, per consentire a tutti di posizionarsi consapevolmente, in base alle proprie possibilità, in una realtà complessa e per sapersi difendere da situazioni che, in diverse forme e gradazioni, possono essere di oppressione. Nell'intreccio tra molteplici punti di vista (dei partecipanti, del ricercatore, emersi dalla letteratura) si è abbracciato, quale paradigma di riferimento, l'approccio progettuale (Dahlberg & Moss, 2005; Gariboldi, 2015), che si configura come una cornice educativa e didattica particolarmente efficace, anche grazie al suo profondo legame con la formazione continua alla riflessività (Dewey, 1933; Michelini, 2016; Paterlini, 2019) e alla supervisione pedagogica (D'Antone, 2023). La promozione di consapevolezza di sé, dei propri interessi, emozioni e aspirazioni, oltre che della realtà socioeconomica nella quale si vive, è quindi emersa quale elemento dirimente dell'educazione alla cittadinanza democratica, in quanto fautrice dei tre elementi cardine di un'esperienza educativa significativa: espressione di sé stessi; performance in cui agire le proprie competenze; possibilità di riflessione su di esse (Massa, 2000).
Promuovendo consapevolezza etica: una teoria grounded sul curricolo di educazione etico-sociale alla scuola dell'infanzia
IORI, MARCO
2025
Abstract
The objective of this PhD thesis is to restore the density and depth of the process that led to the elaboration of the grounded theory from which it takes its title. The methodological framework selected is consistent with the epistemology of reference (critical pedagogy; socio-constructivism; complexity theories), namely Constructivist Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2014). Data were collected through autoethnographic writings, intensive interviews with key witnesses, and analysis of scientific literature (Bianchi, 2019). The theoretical sampling, a distinctive feature of CGT, involved the reasoned selection of participants by the researcher in a continuously evolving process, reflecting the dynamic nature of the research itself. This approach contrasts with the a priori identification of a sample based on principles of fair distribution and representativeness. Three interconnected categories were thus identified. The various stages of coding and data analysis enabled the description of their properties and relationships, leading to the development of a substantive theory. This theory, situated in the preschool context, explores the relationship between education and ethics. This theory focuses on fostering ethical awareness through the implementation of a socio-ethical education curriculum (Baldacci, 2020). The principal elements of this curriculum include: a. the creation of conditions for meaningful educational experiences from an ethical standpoint, and for their reworking, individually and in groups; b. the educational relationship, regarded as an integral component of the educational setting; c. the intentionality and awareness of educators in combating ethical illiteracy — a term for which a preliminary definition is offered – with a view to the construction of Reflective Educating Communities. The three dense nodes of meaning, strongly connoted in a processual sense (also through the use of the gerund), can be defined as follows: a. making the ethical framework of educational action intentional and explicit; b. taking an ethical stance in educational relationships; c. becoming literate in emerging ethics. The emancipatory horizon (Freire, 1970; Biesta, 2012; Catarci, 2023) and the concept of engaged pedagogy (hooks, 1994) are central to this work and its position within the curriculum paradigm. This perspective, as put forth by Baldacci (2006), and the reflections on education and ethics by scholars such as Bertin (1968), Massa (1987), Dahlberg and Moss (2005), and Baldacci (2020), are also highly relevant. In this sense, the research is oriented towards the promotion of mental habits for a life of well-being and to enable everybody to consciously position themselves, according to their abilities, in a complex reality and to learn how to defend themselves from situations that, in different forms and degrees, can be oppressive. In synthesising diverse points of view (those of the participants, the researcher, and those derived from the literature), the project approach (Dahlberg & Moss, 2005; Gariboldi, 2015) was adopted as a foundational paradigm. It is configured as a particularly effective educational and didactic framework, and is also connected with ongoing training in reflexivity (Dewey, 1933; Michelini, 2016) and pedagogical supervision (D'Antone, 2023). The promotion of self-awareness, including one's interests, emotions and aspirations, as well as an understanding of the socio-economic reality in which one lives, has thus emerged as a crucial element of education for democratic citizenship (Westheimer, 2015). It advocates the three pivotal elements of a meaningful educational experience: self-expression; performance in which to act out one's skills; and, finally, the possibility of reflection on them (Massa, 2000).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/209361
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMORE-209361