The thesis is a study dedicated to the medical-philosophical theories of Sebastiano Bartoli (1630-1676), one of the key contributors to Neapolitan science in the late seventeenth century. This study is situated within the broader context of the dissemination of iatrochemical and Helmontian theories in Italy, of which Bartoli was a fervent supporter. First, the intellectual environment in which Bartoli operated has been reconstructed, with a particular focus on the lively circle of scientists and philosophers that he actively participated in: the Accademia degli Investiganti. Secondly, a preliminary reconstruction of Sebastiano Bartoli's biography has been offered, highlighting various aspects of the education and professional activity of the neapolitan physician. The core focus of the thesis, however, lies in the examination of Bartoli’s two main published works: Astronomiæ Microcosmicæ Systema Novum (1663) and Exercitationes Paradoxicæ (1663, 1666). The analysis of these works has revealed the novel physiological theories described by Bartoli and the “syncretic” approach he adopted in the study of living organisms. Bartoli’s physiological system emerges as an eclectic reworking of discoveries in the new science, intertwining an experimental approach with assumptions derived from earlier medical traditions, alongside themes and methodologies characteristic of iatrochemical medicine. In this context, the strong influence of Paracelsian and Helmontian doctrines becomes evident, articulated through a similar explanation of pathophysiological phenomena, grounded on the conception of Archeus. Finally, the thesis delves deeply into the philosophy of light, which plays a central role in the theories of both Bartoli and Van Helmont. For both authors, the soul is indeed a lux vitalis, and disease is an eclipse of the vital rays. Light permeates the entire works of these two physicians, whose theories are embedded within a broader Neoplatonic philosophical tradition, that conceives light as a vehiculum and medium between the corporeal and the incorporeal.
La tesi è uno studio dedicato alle teorie medico-filosofiche di Sebastiano Bartoli (1630-1676), autore montellese tra i protagonisti della scienza partenopea del secondo Seicento. Uno studio che si inscrive nella più vasta compagine della diffusione delle teorie iatrochimiche ed helmontiane nella penisola, di cui Bartoli fu fervido sostenitore. Si è innanzitutto ricostruito l’ambiente intellettuale nel quale l’autore operava, focalizzandosi, in particolare, su quel vivace consesso di scienziati e filosofi di cui Bartoli fu partecipe: l’Accademia degli Investiganti. In secondo luogo, si è proposta una prima ricostruzione della biografia di Sebastiano Bartoli, mettendo in luce diversi aspetti della formazione e dell’attività professionale del medico montellese. Il punto focale della tesi è costituito, tuttavia, dall’analisi delle due principali opere a stampa pubblicate dall’autore: Astronomiæ Microcosmicæ Systema Novum (1663) e le Exercitationes Paradoxicæ (1663, 1666). Il loro esame ha permesso di mettere in luce le inedite teorie fisiologiche descritte dal medico montellese e l’approccio “sincretico” che egli adotta nello studio del vivente. Il sistema fisiologico di Bartoli si presenta come un’eclettica rielaborazione delle scoperte della nuova scienza, che intrecciano un approccio sperimentalista con assunti derivanti dalla tradizione medica antecedente e tematiche e metodologie che caratterizzano la medicina iatrochimica. In tale contesto emerge il poderoso influsso delle dottrine paracelsiane ed helmontiane, declinate secondo una simile esplicazione dei fenomeni fisiopatologici e fondate sul centrale concetto di Archeus. Infine, è stata precipuamente approfondita la filosofia della luce che caratterizza in maniera centrale le teorie di Bartoli e di Van Helmont. Per entrambi gli autori l’anima è una lux vitalis ed il morbo è una eclissi dei raggi vitali: la luce pervade l’intera opera dei due medici, le cui teorie sono immesse in una più ampia tradizione filosofica di stampo neoplatonico, che concepisce la luce quale vehiculum e medium tra il corporeo e l’incorporeo.
Sebastiano Bartoli e la diffusione dell’helmontismo nella Napoli del secondo Seicento.
FERRARA, SIMONA
2025
Abstract
The thesis is a study dedicated to the medical-philosophical theories of Sebastiano Bartoli (1630-1676), one of the key contributors to Neapolitan science in the late seventeenth century. This study is situated within the broader context of the dissemination of iatrochemical and Helmontian theories in Italy, of which Bartoli was a fervent supporter. First, the intellectual environment in which Bartoli operated has been reconstructed, with a particular focus on the lively circle of scientists and philosophers that he actively participated in: the Accademia degli Investiganti. Secondly, a preliminary reconstruction of Sebastiano Bartoli's biography has been offered, highlighting various aspects of the education and professional activity of the neapolitan physician. The core focus of the thesis, however, lies in the examination of Bartoli’s two main published works: Astronomiæ Microcosmicæ Systema Novum (1663) and Exercitationes Paradoxicæ (1663, 1666). The analysis of these works has revealed the novel physiological theories described by Bartoli and the “syncretic” approach he adopted in the study of living organisms. Bartoli’s physiological system emerges as an eclectic reworking of discoveries in the new science, intertwining an experimental approach with assumptions derived from earlier medical traditions, alongside themes and methodologies characteristic of iatrochemical medicine. In this context, the strong influence of Paracelsian and Helmontian doctrines becomes evident, articulated through a similar explanation of pathophysiological phenomena, grounded on the conception of Archeus. Finally, the thesis delves deeply into the philosophy of light, which plays a central role in the theories of both Bartoli and Van Helmont. For both authors, the soul is indeed a lux vitalis, and disease is an eclipse of the vital rays. Light permeates the entire works of these two physicians, whose theories are embedded within a broader Neoplatonic philosophical tradition, that conceives light as a vehiculum and medium between the corporeal and the incorporeal.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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SEBASTIANO BARTOLI E LA DIFFUSIONE DELL?HELMONTISMO NELLA NAPOLI DEL SECONDO SEICENTO - S.pdf
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SEBASTIANO BARTOLI E LA DIFFUSIONE DELL?HELMONTISMO NELLA NAPOLI DEL SECONDO SEICENTO - S_1.pdf
embargo fino al 24/01/2026
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9.23 MB
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9.23 MB | Adobe PDF |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/209404
URN:NBN:IT:UNIBA-209404