Tecniche Non Distruttive per l'Analisi delle Infrastrutture e dei Corridoi di Trasporto: Confronto tra Approcci Morfologici e Basati sull'Apprendimento utilizzando LiDAR e Fotogrammetria da UAV per il Rilevamento Avanzato delle Fessure e la Valutazione del Rischio

This research focuses on the application of geomatic techniques, prioritizing non-destructive methodologies (NDT, Non-Destructive Techniques) to acquire high-precision data for assessing risks associated with infrastructures and transportation corridors. The study integrates LiDAR data collection through Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), along with UAV-based photogrammetry. These approaches allow detailed analysis of infrastructure problems, including occlusions in road markings, cracks in road pavement, and concrete infrastructure. The research is based on national and international case studies representing diverse and replicable contexts. Examples include the I-65 highway in the United States, connecting Lafayette to Indianapolis, where MMS was used to evaluate road sign visibility and pavement cracking;a viaduct located in L'Aquila, Italy, acquired with SLAM technology to analyze cracking; finally, a concrete specimen subjected to compression cycles to further investigate the replicability and applicability of the techniques to different infrastructures. In addition, the study includes a comparative evaluation of geomatic techniques, considering parameters such as precision and accuracy and practical applicability. Through the integration of machine learning and deep learning approaches, the research identifies effective methodologies for the detection and classification of infrastructure hazards.Another pivotal aspect of this research is the development of an open-source WebGIS platform aimed at supporting the prevention, management, and maintenance of infrastructure. The platform was designed in accordance with the guidelines set forth by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) and the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transportation (MIT), ensuring full compliance with both national and international standards. This WebGIS offers practical and user-friendly tools for risk assessment and safety enhancement, while also guaranteeing universal accessibility and scalability for infrastructure operators and stakeholders. Ultimately, the research aspires to establish innovative and adaptable strategies for infrastructure maintenance and safety, contributing significantly to improved risk prevention and management practices.