The research focused on the examination of corpse preservation techniques in use in the Kingdom of Naples between the 16th and the first decades of the 19th century and the scientific-social reflection that ensued. During the investigation, an almost clear-cut bipartition of the techniques involved in the treatment of the corpse emerged. The separation would seem to be determined, at least at first instance, by the passage of centuries. At the dawn of the Modern Age, in fact, preserving a body, mainly in an ecclesiastical context, meant subjecting it to a process of induced mummification. Practices almost certainly of North African or Middle Eastern derivation involved the use of salts and specific structures for the bodies to lose fluids. Whether in colatoi or terre Sante, large vats filled with consecrated earth and drying substances, the corpses met two fates: complete mummification of the tissues or skeletonization, aimed at reduction and placement in an ossuary. Over the centuries, attention to the treatment of the corpse has become increasingly important, involving the development of new techniques and extensive research into the materials used. From the most rudimentary experiments, based on the learning of oriental methodologies, by Girolamo Segato, to the astonishing results of Paolo Gorini and Efisio Marini, the late Modern Age and the early contemporary period constituted a veritable melting pot of ideas and innovations for numerous scientists engaged in the preservation of mortal remains. The Kingdom of Naples was, of course, for a long time the focus of a rapidly evolving scientific landscape. Whether it was academic, institutional, or even private research, it yielded increasingly effective results. Over time, many of these were assimilated with each other, but in small details they frequently differed, even substantially. It seems, in fact, that some of the materials involved could, if mixed differently in even small amounts, completely change the effectiveness of the entire formula. Even now, it is complex to shed light on some of the most effective serums, whose composition disappeared with their creator.
La presente ricerca si è concentra sull’esame delle tecniche conservazione della salma in uso nel Regno di Napoli fra XVI e i primi decenni del XIX secolo e sulla riflessione scientifico-sociale che ne deriva. Nel corso dell’indagine, è emersa una bipartizione quasi netta delle tecniche implicate nel trattamento del cadavere. La separazione sembrerebbe essere determinata, quantomeno ad una prima istanza, dal trascorrere dei secoli. Agli albori dell'Età Moderna, infatti, conservare un corpo, prevalentemente in ambito ecclesiastico, significava sottoporlo ad un procedimento di mummificazione indotta. L'utilizzo di pratiche quasi certamente di derivazione nordafricana o mediorientale comportava l'impiego di sali e strutture specifiche affinché i corpi perdessero i liquidi. Che si trattasse di colatoi o terre Sante, grandi vasche riempite di terra consacrata e sostanze essiccanti, i cadaveri andavano incontro a due destini: la mummificazione completa dei tessuti o la scheletrizzazione, finalizzata a riduzione e inserimento in ossario. Con il passare dei secoli l'attenzione al trattamento del cadavere è divenuta via via maggiore, implicando lo sviluppo di nuove tecniche e un'approfondita ricerca sui materiali utilizzati. A partire dai più rudimentali esperimenti, basati sull'apprendimento di metodologie orientali, di Girolamo Segato, sino agli esiti sorprendenti di Paolo Gorini ed Efisio Marini, la tarda Età Moderna e la prima contemporaneità hanno costituito un vero e proprio crogiolo di idee e innovazioni per numerosi scienziati, impegnati nella conservazione delle spoglie mortali. Il Regno di Napoli fu, certamente, per lungo tempo il fulcro di un panorama scientifico in rapida evoluzione. Che si trattasse di ricerca accademica, istituzionale o persino privata, essa diede risultati sempre più efficaci. Nel tempo molti di questi furono assimilati fra loro, ma, seppur per piccoli dettagli essi, frequentemente, differivano, anche in misura sostanziale. Sembra, infatti, che alcuni dei materiali implicati potessero, se diversamente miscelati anche in minima quantità, mutare completamente l'efficacia dell'intera formula. Tutt’ora risulta complesso far luce su alcuni dei più efficaci sieri, la cui composizione è scomparsa con il loro ideatore.
La scienza della mummificazione nel Regno di Napoli dal XVI ai primi decenni del XIX secolo
RICCI, FRANCESCA
2025
Abstract
The research focused on the examination of corpse preservation techniques in use in the Kingdom of Naples between the 16th and the first decades of the 19th century and the scientific-social reflection that ensued. During the investigation, an almost clear-cut bipartition of the techniques involved in the treatment of the corpse emerged. The separation would seem to be determined, at least at first instance, by the passage of centuries. At the dawn of the Modern Age, in fact, preserving a body, mainly in an ecclesiastical context, meant subjecting it to a process of induced mummification. Practices almost certainly of North African or Middle Eastern derivation involved the use of salts and specific structures for the bodies to lose fluids. Whether in colatoi or terre Sante, large vats filled with consecrated earth and drying substances, the corpses met two fates: complete mummification of the tissues or skeletonization, aimed at reduction and placement in an ossuary. Over the centuries, attention to the treatment of the corpse has become increasingly important, involving the development of new techniques and extensive research into the materials used. From the most rudimentary experiments, based on the learning of oriental methodologies, by Girolamo Segato, to the astonishing results of Paolo Gorini and Efisio Marini, the late Modern Age and the early contemporary period constituted a veritable melting pot of ideas and innovations for numerous scientists engaged in the preservation of mortal remains. The Kingdom of Naples was, of course, for a long time the focus of a rapidly evolving scientific landscape. Whether it was academic, institutional, or even private research, it yielded increasingly effective results. Over time, many of these were assimilated with each other, but in small details they frequently differed, even substantially. It seems, in fact, that some of the materials involved could, if mixed differently in even small amounts, completely change the effectiveness of the entire formula. Even now, it is complex to shed light on some of the most effective serums, whose composition disappeared with their creator.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/210174
URN:NBN:IT:UNIBA-210174