ABCC1, also known as multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, essential for the transport of various endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics across cellular membranes. By regulating the extracellular efflux of chemotherapeutic agents, ABCC1 expression contributes to chemoresistance in multiple tumor cells. This project explores the multifaceted roles of ABCC1 as well as its regulation in the context of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Based on our previous observations suggesting a potential link between ABCC1 and the activity of the transcription factor ΔNp63, we explored the idea that ABCC1 may be a transcriptional target gene of ΔNp63. In line with this hypothesis, we found that ΔNp63 induces ABCC1 expression by physically occupying a p63-binding site located in the first intron of the ABCC1 gene locus. In cutaneous SCC and during the activation of the keratinocyte differentiation program, ΔNp63 and ABCC1 levels are positively correlated, suggesting that ABCC1 might be involved in regulating the proliferative and differentiative capabilities of squamous tissue. However, we did not observe any gross alterations in the structure and morphology of the epidermis in humanized hABCC1 knock-out mice. Conversely, the genetic ablation of ABCC1 led to a marked reduction in inflammation-mediated keratinocyte proliferation, indicating that ABCC1 might regulate keratinocyte proliferation upon inflammatory/proliferative signals. In line with these observations, we found a significant increase in ABCC1 expression in SCCs, a tumor type characterized by keratinocyte hyper-proliferation and a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. The elevated expression of ABCC1 in SCC prompted us to investigate the impact of ABCC1 in squamous carcinogenesis. By adopting different experimental strategies, including siRNA-mediated approach and gene editing by CRIPSPR-Cas9 technology, we found that in human and murine SCC cells ABCC1 depletion is associated with reduced SCC cell proliferation and dysregulation of redox homeostasis. In line with these data, we found that ABCC1 knock-out mice exhibit a marked reduction in tumor proliferation and increased DNA damage upon chemically induced skin carcinogenesis. At molecular level, we observed that ABCC1 knockout in SCC cells leads to a significant accumulation of pro-inflammatory metabolites, including prostaglandins and S-lactoyl-glutathione, and altered expression of neutrophilrecruiting chemokines such as CXCL1, modulating thus the immunophenotype of SCC. In line with these data, we found that syngeneic ABCC1 KO tumors are characterized by a marked decrease of tumor-associated neutrophils with no significant alteration of lymphocytes population. Remarkably, in human HNSCC ABCC1 expression is positively correlated with the number of tumor-associated neutrophils and high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is considered a negative prognostic marker for SCC patients. Collectively, these data unveil a novel role of ABCC1 in shaping the immunophenotype of SCC, with the potential to open novel therapeutically actionable routes for the treatment of SCC.
ABCC1, noto anche come proteina associata alla resistenza multidroghe 1 (MRP1), è un membro della famiglia dei trasportatori ABC, fondamentale per il trasporto di vari metaboliti e xenobiotici attraverso le membrane cellulari. Tale trasportatore è studiato principalmente per la sua capacità di conferire chemioresistenza nelle cellule tumorali; tuttavia, esso potrebbe contribuire alla patogenesi del cancro non solo attraverso l'efflusso di farmaci antineoplastici, ma anche trasportando altri metaboliti associati al tumore. Questo progetto di tesi esamina i ruoli complessi di ABCC1 nel carcinoma squamoso della pelle (SCC) e la sua interazione con altre proteine regolatorie. La nostra ricerca ha identificato il fattore di trascrizione ΔNp63 come un regolatore chiave di ABCC1. Abbiamo scoperto che ΔNp63 promuove l'espressione di ABCC1 legandosi a un sito specifico nel primo introne del gene ABCC1. I nostri dati mostrano una correlazione positiva tra i livelli di espressione di ΔNp63 e ABCC1 negli SCC cutanei e durante il differenziamento dei cheratinociti, suggerendo che tale trasportatore potrebbe essere coinvolto nella regolazione delle capacità proliferative e differenziative dei tessuti squamosi. Sebbene non abbiamo rilevato alterazioni strutturali significative nell'epidermide di topi knockout umanizzati per hABCC1, l'ablatio genetica dello stesso ha comportato una riduzione marcata della proliferazione mediata dall'infiammazione dei cheratinociti, suggerendo un ruolo di ABCC1 nella modulazione delle risposte cellulari indotte dall’infiammazione. In linea con queste osservazioni, abbiamo riscontrato un significativo aumento dell'espressione di ABCC1 nel carcinoma squamoso (SCC), un tipo di tumore caratterizzato da iperproliferazione dei cheratinociti e da un microambiente tumorale pro-infiammatorio. L'elevata espressione di ABCC1 nell’SCC ci ha spinto ad indagare l'impatto di tale trasportatore nella carcinogenesi squamosa. Adottando diverse strategie sperimentali, tra cui un approccio mediato da siRNA e l'editing genetico con la tecnologia CRISPR-CAS9, abbiamo scoperto che, nelle cellule umane e murine di SCC, la deplezione di ABCC1 è associata a una ridotta proliferazione e a una disregolazione dell'omeostasi redox. In linea con questi dati, abbiamo osservato che i topi knockout per ABCC1 mostrano una riduzione marcata della proliferazione tumorale e un aumento dei danni al DNA durante la carcinogenesi cutanea indotta chimicamente. A livello molecolare, abbiamo scoperto che il knockout di ABCC1 nelle cellule di SCC porta ad un significativo accumulo di metaboliti pro-infiammatori, tra cui le prostaglandine e il S-lattoil-glutatione, e ad un'alterata espressione delle chemochine che reclutano i neutrofili, come la CXCL1, modulando così l'immunofenotipo dell’SCC. In linea con questi dati, abbiamo riscontrato che i tumori singenici knockout per ABCC1 sono caratterizzati da una marcata diminuzione dei neutrofili associati al tumore, senza alterazioni significative nella popolazione di linfociti. Inoltre, nei carcinomi squamosi della testa e del collo (HNSCC) umani, l'espressione di ABCC1 è positivamente correlata al numero di neutrofili associati al tumore, e un elevato rapporto neutrofili-linfociti (NLR) è considerato un marker prognostico negativo per i pazienti con SCC. Complessivamente, questi dati rivelano un nuovo ruolo di ABCC1 nella modulazione dell'immunofenotipo dello SCC, con il potenziale di aprire nuove vie terapeuticamente applicabili per il trattamento di tale tumore.
Exploring the role Abcc1 in squamous epithelia homeostasis
LA BANCA, VERONICA
2024
Abstract
ABCC1, also known as multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, essential for the transport of various endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics across cellular membranes. By regulating the extracellular efflux of chemotherapeutic agents, ABCC1 expression contributes to chemoresistance in multiple tumor cells. This project explores the multifaceted roles of ABCC1 as well as its regulation in the context of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Based on our previous observations suggesting a potential link between ABCC1 and the activity of the transcription factor ΔNp63, we explored the idea that ABCC1 may be a transcriptional target gene of ΔNp63. In line with this hypothesis, we found that ΔNp63 induces ABCC1 expression by physically occupying a p63-binding site located in the first intron of the ABCC1 gene locus. In cutaneous SCC and during the activation of the keratinocyte differentiation program, ΔNp63 and ABCC1 levels are positively correlated, suggesting that ABCC1 might be involved in regulating the proliferative and differentiative capabilities of squamous tissue. However, we did not observe any gross alterations in the structure and morphology of the epidermis in humanized hABCC1 knock-out mice. Conversely, the genetic ablation of ABCC1 led to a marked reduction in inflammation-mediated keratinocyte proliferation, indicating that ABCC1 might regulate keratinocyte proliferation upon inflammatory/proliferative signals. In line with these observations, we found a significant increase in ABCC1 expression in SCCs, a tumor type characterized by keratinocyte hyper-proliferation and a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. The elevated expression of ABCC1 in SCC prompted us to investigate the impact of ABCC1 in squamous carcinogenesis. By adopting different experimental strategies, including siRNA-mediated approach and gene editing by CRIPSPR-Cas9 technology, we found that in human and murine SCC cells ABCC1 depletion is associated with reduced SCC cell proliferation and dysregulation of redox homeostasis. In line with these data, we found that ABCC1 knock-out mice exhibit a marked reduction in tumor proliferation and increased DNA damage upon chemically induced skin carcinogenesis. At molecular level, we observed that ABCC1 knockout in SCC cells leads to a significant accumulation of pro-inflammatory metabolites, including prostaglandins and S-lactoyl-glutathione, and altered expression of neutrophilrecruiting chemokines such as CXCL1, modulating thus the immunophenotype of SCC. In line with these data, we found that syngeneic ABCC1 KO tumors are characterized by a marked decrease of tumor-associated neutrophils with no significant alteration of lymphocytes population. Remarkably, in human HNSCC ABCC1 expression is positively correlated with the number of tumor-associated neutrophils and high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is considered a negative prognostic marker for SCC patients. Collectively, these data unveil a novel role of ABCC1 in shaping the immunophenotype of SCC, with the potential to open novel therapeutically actionable routes for the treatment of SCC.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/210993
URN:NBN:IT:UNIROMA2-210993