This thesis, in line with the actions of the ‘SNAI’, originated on the basis of an agreement between the Department of Architecture of the University of Palermo and the small municipalities of Vizzini, as leader, Licodia Eubea and Grammichele, part of the SNAI internal area of Calatino, in the province of Catania, subject to depopulation and abandonment dynamics. The thesis set out to investigate the three small towns - starting from their history - by searching for the ‘vocations’ and ‘strong themes’ that characterised them jointly, beyond the peculiar differentiations of the places, in terms of the origin and characteristics of the urban systems and monumental heritage. The thesis focuses on the historical period between the 19th and 20th centuries, of great importance for the urban transformations of these cities, in close correlation with the emergence of the protection of Sicily's monumental heritage, already present in the 18th century under the Bourbons. During this period, many archaeological remains were found through excavations and a large number of restorations were carried out. The thesis brought to light architects and construction companies, both local and non-local, for the design and realisation of these restoration works, and made it possible to reconstruct some lesser-known events regarding monumental and archaeological protection, with the presence, for example, of architect Giuseppe Patricolo and archaeologist Paolo Orsi.The urban transformations, common to the three cities covered by this thesis, were aimed at urban decorum (squares, stairways, new elevation layouts), the introduction of modern public services (theatres, slaughterhouses, cemeteries, markets) and the sanitation of the city, but this often resulted in the demolition or transformation of many pre-existing buildings and urban spaces. The historical period covered (1860-1939) indicates the organisation of Protection after the Unification of Italy (1860), while 1939 is the year of the reform of the modern Superintendencies.The thesis, aimed at encouraging the conservation and restoration of the heritage of the three small cities, is based on the idea that the "inner areas" must be enhanced starting from historical knowledge and, together, analyzing various examples of management and governance practices, both top down and bottom up, that have worked at national and international level.The thesis denotes the need to tell truthful and coherent stories with the places, giving importance also to the 19th and 20th centuries, often forgotten.Finally, the thesis proposes the integration between different heritages (archaeological, monumental, naturalistic, food and wine etc.), in a "network", with place and history-based approaches that put the needs of the communities at the center, encouraging the return to the towns of the inner areas and the decrease in depopulation.
La presente tesi di “dottorato comunale”, in linea con le azioni della “Strategia Nazionale Aree Interne”, ha avuto origine sulla base di un Accordo tra il Dipartimento di Architettura dell’Università di Palermo e i piccoli Comuni di Vizzini, quale capofila, Licodia Eubea e Grammichele, parte della Area interna SNAI del Calatino, in provincia di Catania, soggetta a dinamiche di spopolamento e abbandono. La tesi si è proposta di indagare i tre comuni – partendo dalla loro storia - ricercando le “vocazioni” e i “temi forti” che li caratterizzassero in forma congiunta, al di là delle peculiari differenziazioni dei luoghi, in termini di vicende fondative e caratteristiche degli impianti urbani e del patrimonio monumentale. La tesi incentra la propria attenzione sul periodo storico compreso tra il XIX e il XX secolo, parentesi di cruciale importanza per le trasformazioni urbane di queste città, in stretta correlazione all’emergere di una cultura della Tutela siciliana - già evidenziabile nell’organizzazione della Regia Custodia borbonica (1778) - tradottasi, da un lato, al disvelamento del patrimonio archeologico attraverso gli scavi e, dall’altro, alle operazioni di restauro degli edifici monumentali. Ciò ha altresì consentito di mettere in luce figure di tecnici ed imprese, locali e no, impegnate nella progettazione e nell’esecuzione dei lavori, nonché figure già note nel campo della Tutela, dell’archeologia e del restauro – in primis l’architetto palermitano Giuseppe Patricolo e l’archeologo roveretano Paolo Orsi – di cui si sono individuati nuovi contributi. Le trasformazioni urbane, i cui processi risultano comuni ai tre centri, si pongono come un “momento” di problematico rapporto tra le città e le preesistenze, in relazione alle tendenze mirate al decoro urbano (piazze, scalinate, nuovi impaginati di prospetto), all’introduzione di moderni servizi pubblici (teatri, macelli, cimiteri, mercati) ed al risanamento igienico-sanitario dei tessuti di antico impianto. La definizione dell’arco temporale (1860-1939), rimarca l’organizzazione della Tutela a partire dall’Unità Nazionale mentre il 1939 è l’anno della Riforma delle Soprintendenze (Legge n. 823 del 22 maggio) con la articolazione in tre diversi ambiti di competenza (Antichità, alle Gallerie ed ai Monumenti). La tesi, dato il suo carattere “finalizzato” alla conservazione e al restauro, si innesta nell’ambito di una nuova concezione delle “aree interne” (come previsto dalla stessa SNAI e nella correlata programmazione PNRR) ed ha quindi impostato la lettura del grande tema sulla relazione tra conoscenza storica e disciplina restaurativa e, unitamente, sull’analisi di pratiche attuate o attuabili - sia top down che bottom up - anche a livello internazionale, per la gestione e valorizzazione del patrimonio. Il fine della tesi, nella definizione di una narrazione coerente con la storia dei luoghi – rimarcando l’importanza della lunga e tralasciata parentesi temporale dell’Ottocento e del Novecento -propone possibili integrazioni tra patrimoni di natura diversa (archeologico, monumentale, naturalistico, enogastronomico etc.), secondo una logica di “rete” che tenga conto di approcci place e history based e del ruolo e dei bisogni delle comunità, tra tentativi di “ritorno” e possibili “restanze”.
Trasformazioni urbane, Tutela e restauri tra il 1860 e il 1939 nella “area interna” del Calatino nella Sicilia orientale. I casi di Vizzini, Licodia Eubea e Grammichele
GIUFFRE', Fabrizio
2025
Abstract
This thesis, in line with the actions of the ‘SNAI’, originated on the basis of an agreement between the Department of Architecture of the University of Palermo and the small municipalities of Vizzini, as leader, Licodia Eubea and Grammichele, part of the SNAI internal area of Calatino, in the province of Catania, subject to depopulation and abandonment dynamics. The thesis set out to investigate the three small towns - starting from their history - by searching for the ‘vocations’ and ‘strong themes’ that characterised them jointly, beyond the peculiar differentiations of the places, in terms of the origin and characteristics of the urban systems and monumental heritage. The thesis focuses on the historical period between the 19th and 20th centuries, of great importance for the urban transformations of these cities, in close correlation with the emergence of the protection of Sicily's monumental heritage, already present in the 18th century under the Bourbons. During this period, many archaeological remains were found through excavations and a large number of restorations were carried out. The thesis brought to light architects and construction companies, both local and non-local, for the design and realisation of these restoration works, and made it possible to reconstruct some lesser-known events regarding monumental and archaeological protection, with the presence, for example, of architect Giuseppe Patricolo and archaeologist Paolo Orsi.The urban transformations, common to the three cities covered by this thesis, were aimed at urban decorum (squares, stairways, new elevation layouts), the introduction of modern public services (theatres, slaughterhouses, cemeteries, markets) and the sanitation of the city, but this often resulted in the demolition or transformation of many pre-existing buildings and urban spaces. The historical period covered (1860-1939) indicates the organisation of Protection after the Unification of Italy (1860), while 1939 is the year of the reform of the modern Superintendencies.The thesis, aimed at encouraging the conservation and restoration of the heritage of the three small cities, is based on the idea that the "inner areas" must be enhanced starting from historical knowledge and, together, analyzing various examples of management and governance practices, both top down and bottom up, that have worked at national and international level.The thesis denotes the need to tell truthful and coherent stories with the places, giving importance also to the 19th and 20th centuries, often forgotten.Finally, the thesis proposes the integration between different heritages (archaeological, monumental, naturalistic, food and wine etc.), in a "network", with place and history-based approaches that put the needs of the communities at the center, encouraging the return to the towns of the inner areas and the decrease in depopulation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/212240
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPA-212240