Computational Morphogenesis of spatial green structures by structural optimization for the promotion of sustainable development and reduction of climate change impacts

The field of civil engineering has undergone a significant transformation with the integration of digital fabrication technologies, leading to an unprecedented expansion of architectural possibilities. In particular, additive manufacturing specifically 3D printing has emerged as a cutting-edge approach to construction and product development. This technology has demonstrated promising potential, particularly in utilizing eco-friendly materials such as clay, to minimize environmental impact and advance sustainable development. Furthermore, the synergy between computational design methods and 3D printing plays a crucial role in fabricating structurally efficient yet geometrically complex designs, optimized through structural optimization techniques. However, several challenges remain, particularly regarding the mechanical behavior of earthen materials. Additionally, limitations related to the scalability of 3D printing for high-rise structures and the intricate process of translating digital models into physical objects continue to pose technical hurdles. To address these challenges, this project explores the mechanical behavior of clay reinforced with varying fractions of hemp and wood fibers. The findings indicate significant improvements in ductility and stiffness, as well as suitability for additive manufacturing. Moreover, the study thoroughly investigates the integration of simplified isotropic materials with penalization-based topology optimization techniques in conjunction with 3D printing for clay-based structures. Finally, the printability and the stability of clay-hemp composites were analyzed, providing valuable insights into the influence of printing parameters on the performance of the printed structures. These findings contribute to the advancement of sustainable construction methods, paving the way for more efficient and environmentally friendly additive manufacturing applications.