Role of lung ultrasonography in critically ill patients

Initially a qualitative diagnostic tool, lung ultrasound (LUS) has transformed into a quantitative method with the development of scoring systems that correlate ultrasound findings with lung density. These systems enhance the ability to grade lung aeration, quantify disease severity, and monitor disease progression and treatment response. This research explored the quantitative aspects of LUS through three projects: 1 Review on Quantitative Techniques: This article reviewed various quantitative scoring systems in LUS, highlighting their clinical applications and potential for confusion among physicians. It described different scoring systems, technical aspects, and their appropriate clinical uses. 2 Review on Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation: This article summarized the role of LUS in the weaning process from mechanical ventilation. It provided a comprehensive guide for clinicians, explaining the pathophysiological processes behind weaning failure and the utility of LUS in this context. 3 Multicenter Clinical Study: This international, observational, prospective study evaluated LUS's ability to monitor changes in lung aeration in hypoxemic patients undergoing non-invasive oxygenation treatments. The study aimed to test LUS's effectiveness in identifying failures of non-invasive respiratory supports, offering a tool for early intervention and management. The study enrolled 92 patients, and the results showed that LUS scores improved only in responders to non-invasive respiratory supports and were independent predictors of failure The research underscored the importance of quantitative approaches in lung ultrasound, particularly in critical care settings. The development and utilization of scoring systems have significantly enhanced LUS's role in both diagnosing and monitoring respiratory conditions, making it an invaluable tool in modern medicine.