The transition toward healthier and more sustainable food systems is a pressing challenge of our time, driven by the need to ensure safe, nutritious, and environmentally responsible food for future generations. To support this transition, the present dissertation focuses on two emerging strategies that have shown great potential in fostering healthier and sustainable diets. Specifically, this thesis dives into the promotion of plant-based alternatives, with a focus on meat substitutes, and the implementation of interpretative front-of-pack labeling systems. The research included in this manuscript explores both tools to investigate their potential to influence consumer behavior, improve dietary choices, and support the larger goal of transforming global agrifood systems. Given the widely recognized environmental and health impact of meat production, plant-based alternatives have emerged as a viable solution to reduce meat consumption. Promoting such products could thus contribute to lowering global greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating public health concerns, while also meeting consumers’ growing demand for more ethical and safer production methods. However, to guarantee the potential of plant-based alternatives, consumers’ acceptance and adoption of such foods is key. In this scenario, this dissertation deepens the understanding of consumer perceptions, motivations, and sensory expectations related to plant-based analogs and examines how these factors can shape purchasing decisions and behavior changes. Special attention is paid to how consumers interpret the sensory qualities of these products and how these perceptions can vary depending on the specific type of product being replaced – whether it is a burger or a hot dog replacement – and on the different consumer segments. The research shows that while consumers may expect plant-based alternatives to be healthy and environmentally friendly options, their motivations for adopting such foods often extend beyond health and sustainability concerns to include the need to meet their sensory expectations. Recognizing these diverse motivations is essential for stakeholders aiming at promoting plant-based alternatives through targeted product development and marketing strategies. On the other side, front-of-pack labels, particularly interpretative systems such as the Nutri-Score and Eco-Score, represent another key tool for influencing consumer behavior and fostering healthier and more sustainable food choices. Interpretative front-of-pack labels simplify nutritional and environmental information and provide consumers with the necessary information to make timely decisions at the point of purchase. In the context of this dissertation, front-of-pack labels are explored as tools to improve consumers’ understanding and also shape their sensory expectations and purchase intentions for plant-based meat alternatives when compared to traditional meat products. In combining the analysis of the available literature and of novel empirical studies on plant-based alternatives and front-of-pack labels, this PhD dissertation uncovers important insights into the complex relationship between consumer behavior, understanding, sensory perceptions, and visual attention. By enhancing consumer acceptance and understanding, this dissertation also emphasizes the importance of consumer empowerment in driving decisive changes. When provided with the right tools – whether in the form of transparent, accessible information or appealing alternatives to traditional meat products – consumers are better equipped to make food choices that benefit both human health and the environment. Ultimately, as the world seeks to address the challenges posed by climate change, resource scarcity, and public health, promoting plant-based alternatives and effective front-of-pack labeling systems emerges as a promising pathway for aligning consumer behavior with health and sustainability goals. Therefore, by investigating the factors influencing consumer perceptions, acceptance, and behavior, this PhD dissertation supports policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers focused on fostering the transition toward healthier and more sustainable food systems.
La transizione verso sistemi alimentari più sani e sostenibili rappresenta una sfida urgente del nostro tempo, guidata dalla necessità di garantire cibo sicuro, nutriente e rispettoso dell’ambiente per le future generazioni. A sostegno di questa transizione, la presente dissertazione si concentra su due strategie emergenti che hanno mostrato un grande potenziale nel promuovere diete più sane e sostenibili. In particolare, questa tesi approfondisce la promozione delle alternative plant-based, con un focus sui sostituti della carne, e l’implementazione di sistemi di etichettatura interpretativa front-of-pack. La ricerca inclusa in questo manoscritto esplora entrambi gli strumenti per indagare il loro potenziale nell’influenzare il comportamento dei consumatori, migliorare le scelte alimentari, e sostenere l’obiettivo più ampio di trasformare i sistemi agroalimentari globali. Dato il riconosciuto impatto ambientale e sulla salute della produzione di prodotti carne, le alternative plant-based sono emerse come una soluzione valida per ridurre il consumo di carne. Promuovere tali prodotti potrebbe quindi contribuire a ridurre le emissioni globali di gas serra e a mitigare i problemi di salute pubblica, rispondendo inoltre alla crescente richiesta dei consumatori di metodi di produzione più etici e sicuri. Tuttavia, per garantire il potenziale delle alternative plant-based, l’accettazione e l’adozione di tali alimenti da parte dei consumatori è fondamentale. In questo scenario, la presente dissertazione approfondisce la comprensione delle percezioni, motivazioni e aspettative sensoriali dei consumatori in relazione agli analoghi plant-based di prodotti animali, ed esamina come questi fattori possano influenzare le decisioni di acquisto e i cambiamenti comportamentali. Particolare attenzione è rivolta a come i consumatori interpretano le qualità sensoriali di questi prodotti e a come tali percezioni possano variare a seconda del tipo di prodotto animale sostituito – che si tratti di un sostituto del burger o di un hot dog – e dei diversi segmenti di consumatori. I risultati mostrano che, sebbene i consumatori possano aspettarsi che le alternative plant-based siano opzioni salutari e sostenibili, le loro motivazioni per adottare tali alimenti spesso vanno oltre le preoccupazioni per la salute e la sostenibilità, includendo la necessità di soddisfare le loro aspettative sensoriali. Riconoscere queste diverse motivazioni è essenziale per gli stakeholders che mirano a promuovere le alternative plant-based attraverso strategie mirate allo sviluppo e marketing di questi prodotti. D’altra parte, le etichette front-of-pack, in particolare sistemi interpretativi come il Nutri-Score e l’Eco-Score, rappresentano un altro strumento chiave per influenzare il comportamento dei consumatori e promuovere scelte alimentari più sane e sostenibili. Le etichette front-of-pack interpretative semplificano le informazioni nutrizionali e ambientali e forniscono ai consumatori le informazioni necessarie per prendere decisioni rapide al momento dell’acquisto. Nel contesto di questa dissertazione, le etichette front-of-pack vengono esplorate come strumenti per migliorare la comprensione dei consumatori e influenzare le loro aspettative sensoriali e intenzioni di acquisto per le alternative alla carne a base vegetale rispetto ai prodotti tradizionali a base di carne. Combinando l’analisi della letteratura disponibile e di studi empirici sulle alternative plant-based e sulle etichette front-of-pack, questa dissertazione svela importanti intuizioni sul complesso rapporto tra comportamento dei consumatori, il loro understanding, le percezioni sensoriali e l’attenzione visiva. Rafforzando l’accettazione e la comprensione da parte dei consumatori, questa dissertazione sottolinea anche l’importanza dell’empowerment dei consumatori nel guidare le decisioni alimentari. Quando dotati degli strumenti giusti – sotto forma di informazioni trasparenti e accessibili o di alternative appetibili ai prodotti tradizionali a base di carne – i consumatori posso essere equipaggiati per fare scelte alimentari che avvantaggiano sia la salute umana che l’ambiente. In definitiva, poiché il mondo cerca di affrontare le sfide poste dal cambiamento climatico, dalla scarsità delle risorse e dalla salute pubblica, la promozione delle alternative plant-based e dei sistemi efficaci di etichettatura front-of-pack emerge come un percorso promettente per allineare il comportamento dei consumatori con gli obiettivi di salute e sostenibilità. Pertanto, indagando i fattori che influenzano le percezioni, l’accettazione e il comportamento dei consumatori, questa dissertazione supporta i policymakers, l’industria alimentare, e i ricercatori focalizzati sulla promozione della transizione verso sistemi alimentari più sani e sostenibili.
Dalle Alternative Plant-Based alle Etichette Front-of-Pack: Investigazione della Percezione dei Consumatori e delle Strategie per Diete Sane e Sostenibili
Giulia, Andreani
2025
Abstract
The transition toward healthier and more sustainable food systems is a pressing challenge of our time, driven by the need to ensure safe, nutritious, and environmentally responsible food for future generations. To support this transition, the present dissertation focuses on two emerging strategies that have shown great potential in fostering healthier and sustainable diets. Specifically, this thesis dives into the promotion of plant-based alternatives, with a focus on meat substitutes, and the implementation of interpretative front-of-pack labeling systems. The research included in this manuscript explores both tools to investigate their potential to influence consumer behavior, improve dietary choices, and support the larger goal of transforming global agrifood systems. Given the widely recognized environmental and health impact of meat production, plant-based alternatives have emerged as a viable solution to reduce meat consumption. Promoting such products could thus contribute to lowering global greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating public health concerns, while also meeting consumers’ growing demand for more ethical and safer production methods. However, to guarantee the potential of plant-based alternatives, consumers’ acceptance and adoption of such foods is key. In this scenario, this dissertation deepens the understanding of consumer perceptions, motivations, and sensory expectations related to plant-based analogs and examines how these factors can shape purchasing decisions and behavior changes. Special attention is paid to how consumers interpret the sensory qualities of these products and how these perceptions can vary depending on the specific type of product being replaced – whether it is a burger or a hot dog replacement – and on the different consumer segments. The research shows that while consumers may expect plant-based alternatives to be healthy and environmentally friendly options, their motivations for adopting such foods often extend beyond health and sustainability concerns to include the need to meet their sensory expectations. Recognizing these diverse motivations is essential for stakeholders aiming at promoting plant-based alternatives through targeted product development and marketing strategies. On the other side, front-of-pack labels, particularly interpretative systems such as the Nutri-Score and Eco-Score, represent another key tool for influencing consumer behavior and fostering healthier and more sustainable food choices. Interpretative front-of-pack labels simplify nutritional and environmental information and provide consumers with the necessary information to make timely decisions at the point of purchase. In the context of this dissertation, front-of-pack labels are explored as tools to improve consumers’ understanding and also shape their sensory expectations and purchase intentions for plant-based meat alternatives when compared to traditional meat products. In combining the analysis of the available literature and of novel empirical studies on plant-based alternatives and front-of-pack labels, this PhD dissertation uncovers important insights into the complex relationship between consumer behavior, understanding, sensory perceptions, and visual attention. By enhancing consumer acceptance and understanding, this dissertation also emphasizes the importance of consumer empowerment in driving decisive changes. When provided with the right tools – whether in the form of transparent, accessible information or appealing alternatives to traditional meat products – consumers are better equipped to make food choices that benefit both human health and the environment. Ultimately, as the world seeks to address the challenges posed by climate change, resource scarcity, and public health, promoting plant-based alternatives and effective front-of-pack labeling systems emerges as a promising pathway for aligning consumer behavior with health and sustainability goals. Therefore, by investigating the factors influencing consumer perceptions, acceptance, and behavior, this PhD dissertation supports policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers focused on fostering the transition toward healthier and more sustainable food systems.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/213209
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPR-213209