This PhD work deals with the allergenicity of alternative protein sources and novel foods in response to the growing demand for sustainable and nutritious proteins. With a global prevalence of food allergies of 8-10%, there is a growing interest in alternative proteins, including legumes such as soybean, peanut and lupin, which are regulated as allergens in the EU, as well as other legumes that are not yet labelled, such as chickpeas, peas, beans and lentils, and newly approved foods such as insects, seaweed, and innovative plant-based ingredients. Assessing the allergenic potential of these ingredients is essential to protect individuals with food sensitivities. This PhD thesis aims to investigate and identify allergenic proteins in various vegetal and alternative protein sources and novel foods, by using a combined molecular approach and allergenicity studies. In particular, the study aims to: i) characterize novel proteins, identify new allergens, and study how they may cross-react with other known allergens; ii) evaluate enzymatic and physical modifications for modulating allergenic potential; iii) study IgE-binding under physiological conditions; iv) assess methods for the detection of allergens before and after modifications, to study the residual IgE-binding capacity. Immunoblotting with sera from patients allergic to legumes confirmed the reduction of IgE binding capacity in legume modified samples and digestates. The second part examined novel proteins from mung beans, rapeseed and black soldier flies, evaluating cross-reactivity with known allergens by HR-MS and in silico methods. Mung bean proteins showed homology with soybean and pea allergens, while rapeseed proteins showed cross-reactivity with mustard and legumes. For the black soldier fly, arginine kinase (AK) showed high similarity to other arthropod allergens, confirmed by immunoblotting assays. In conclusion, this research advances the understanding of allergen risk in novel proteins and explores methods to reduce allergenic potential, with the goal of supporting the development of hypoallergenic food ingredients for sensitive consumers.
Questo lavoro di dottorato si occupa dell’allergenicità di fonti proteiche alternative e di nuovi alimenti in risposta alla crescente domanda di proteine sostenibili e nutrienti. Con una prevalenza globale di allergie alimentari dell’8-10%, vi è un crescente interesse per le proteine alternative, tra cui legumi come la soia, l’arachide e il lupino, che sono regolamentati come allergeni nell’UE, nonché altri legumi non ancora regolamentati, come ceci, piselli, fagioli e lenticchie, e alimenti di recente approvazione come insetti, alghe e ingredienti innovativi a base vegetale. Valutare il potenziale allergenico di questi ingredienti è essenziale per proteggere gli individui con sensibilità alimentari. Questa tesi di dottorato si propone di indagare e identificare le proteine allergeniche in varie fonti proteiche vegetali e alternative e in nuovi alimenti, utilizzando un approccio molecolare combinato e studi di allergenicità. In particolare, lo studio si prefigge di: i) caratterizzare le nuove proteine, identificare nuovi allergeni e studiare il modo in cui esse possono cross-reagire con altri allergeni noti; ii) valutare le modifiche enzimatiche e fisiche per modulare il potenziale allergenico; iii) studiare il legame con le IgE in condizioni fisiologiche; iv) valutare i metodi per la rilevazione degli allergeni prima e dopo le modifiche, per studiare la capacità residua di legame con le IgE. L’immunoblotting con i sieri di pazienti allergici ai legumi ha confermato la riduzione della capacità di legame delle IgE nei campioni e nei digestati di legumi modificati. La seconda parte ha esaminato le nuove proteine dei fagioli mung, della colza e della mosca soldato nera, valutando la reattività incrociata con gli allergeni noti mediante HR-MS e metodi in silico. Le proteine dei fagioli mung hanno mostrato un’omologia con gli allergeni della soia e dei piselli, mentre le proteine della colza hanno mostrato una reattività incrociata con la senape e i legumi. Per la mosca soldato nera, l’arginina chinasi (AK) ha mostrato un’elevata somiglianza con altri allergeni di artropodi, confermata da saggi di immunoblotting. In conclusione, questa ricerca fa progredire la comprensione del rischio di allergeni nelle nuove proteine ed esplora i metodi per ridurre il potenziale allergenico, con l’obiettivo di sostenere lo sviluppo di ingredienti alimentari ipoallergenici per i consumatori sensibili.
Identificazione e mitigazione degli allergeni nelle proteine alternative e nei nuovi alimenti
Luisa, Calcinai;
2025
Abstract
This PhD work deals with the allergenicity of alternative protein sources and novel foods in response to the growing demand for sustainable and nutritious proteins. With a global prevalence of food allergies of 8-10%, there is a growing interest in alternative proteins, including legumes such as soybean, peanut and lupin, which are regulated as allergens in the EU, as well as other legumes that are not yet labelled, such as chickpeas, peas, beans and lentils, and newly approved foods such as insects, seaweed, and innovative plant-based ingredients. Assessing the allergenic potential of these ingredients is essential to protect individuals with food sensitivities. This PhD thesis aims to investigate and identify allergenic proteins in various vegetal and alternative protein sources and novel foods, by using a combined molecular approach and allergenicity studies. In particular, the study aims to: i) characterize novel proteins, identify new allergens, and study how they may cross-react with other known allergens; ii) evaluate enzymatic and physical modifications for modulating allergenic potential; iii) study IgE-binding under physiological conditions; iv) assess methods for the detection of allergens before and after modifications, to study the residual IgE-binding capacity. Immunoblotting with sera from patients allergic to legumes confirmed the reduction of IgE binding capacity in legume modified samples and digestates. The second part examined novel proteins from mung beans, rapeseed and black soldier flies, evaluating cross-reactivity with known allergens by HR-MS and in silico methods. Mung bean proteins showed homology with soybean and pea allergens, while rapeseed proteins showed cross-reactivity with mustard and legumes. For the black soldier fly, arginine kinase (AK) showed high similarity to other arthropod allergens, confirmed by immunoblotting assays. In conclusion, this research advances the understanding of allergen risk in novel proteins and explores methods to reduce allergenic potential, with the goal of supporting the development of hypoallergenic food ingredients for sensitive consumers.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
PhD thesis_Calcinai Luisa.pdf
embargo fino al 01/04/2027
Licenza:
Tutti i diritti riservati
Dimensione
7.98 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
7.98 MB | Adobe PDF |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/213217
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPR-213217