Space debris mitigation, protection and remediation for a sustainable orbital environment

This thesis addresses key challenges in achieving a sustainable orbital environment through innovative approaches to space debris mitigation, protection, and remediation. The research is structured around three primary themes: (1) the development of a docking system (DOCKS) for nanosatellite missions, (2) in-orbit inspection for 3D reconstruction of targets, and (3) the Alba CubeSat UniPD student project. In the first theme, the DOCKS system, designed for the Space Rider Observer Cube (SROC) mission, is introduced. DOCKS integrates ultra-close proximity navigation and docking functionalities within a compact, standalone module, offering a scalable solution for sustainable satellite operations. Experimental validation demonstrated the system’s robustness in managing misalignments during docking procedures. The second theme focuses on in-orbit inspection using CubeSats to generate 3D reconstructions of resident space objects (RSOs). Experimental setups validated the use of photogrammetry techniques for precise and scalable inspections, emphasizing the integration of active and passive sensing technologies to enhance reliability. Lastly, the Alba CubeSat UniPD project is presented as a student-led initiative under the ESA "Fly Your Satellite! Design Booster" programme. The mission integrates advanced payloads, including a precise orbit determination system and a debris impact sensor, aimed at supporting sustainable orbital practices while fostering education and innovation. These contributions offer practical insights and advancements that support ongoing efforts in orbital debris management and the development of sustainable space technologies.