Advanced sports methods and technologies

Exercise is now recognized as a tool for the prevention and treatment of numerous conditions such as postural changes and sedentary lifestyle or diseases such as obesity, metabolic disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases. Exercise can also be a useful toll in the recovery phases from damage caused by these pathologies after the acute phase. On the other hand, physical exercise is the characterizing element of sports competitions and competitive spirit. These issues had been the subject of my training at the University of Tor Vergata, first in the Bachelor's Degree in Motor Sciences and then in the Master's Degree in Sciences and Techniques of Preventive and Adapted Motor Activity. The possibility of undertaking a PhD in Industrial Engineering allowed me to deepen more technological issues applied to physical exercise and in particular the study of Salivary Metabolome and the effects of Whole Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS). The study of salivary metabolome, conducted in collaboration with the NMR/ Mass Spectrometry Laboratory at the IRBM Research Center in Pomezia (RM) directed by Prof. Daniel Cicero, allowed me to face the complexity of the metabolome and in particular its modifications during the exercise. I started this collaboration already before the enrollment in the PhD Course with particular reference to changes in the salivary metabolome in standardized exercise conditions of the tests for studying the level of training and performance in soccer. During the PhD we extended this study to sports competition and therefore to an official club club with the peculiarity of considering women's soccer. The Electromyostimulation study was performed under the supervision of Prof. Stefano D’Ottavio at the Institute of Motor Sciences of the University of Tor Vergata. Electromyostimulation is a technique that has been used for many years for rehabilitation purposes. A type of whole body electromyostimulation with a training purpose has recently been developed. We considered this particular type of electromyostimulation in comparison with classical training techniques and for the study of the effects on metabolic disease and on its biomarkers.