Olive leaves, traditionally considered a by-product, are emerging as a promising source of polyphenols, bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. Different strategies have been recently developed for recovering and transforming these waste products into resources, by applying a circular economy approach. Olive Mill Waste Waters (OMWW) are rich in polyphenolic compounds. Bioenutra s.r.l., a biotechnology company based in Ginosa (TA), where I carried out part of my PhD work, exploited OMWW generating a patented polyphenol-enriched mixture, in liquid or granular form: the MOMAST®. It has been shown that bioactive compounds isolated from olive by-products and waste can modulate the expression and function of transporters and water channels. Here, it has been demonstrated that treatments with MOMAST® induced a reduction in the expression and function of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) in human colon cancer cells. Moreover, MOMAST® modulates key processes involved in tumor progression, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These findings, likely propose potential therapeutic applications of MOMAST® in disorders related to abnormal cell viability (chapter 2). Furthermore, these studies revealed that MOMAST® exerted beneficial effects in mitigating renal damage induced by long-term exposure to the uremic toxin p-cresol, that is associated with the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). In the present work it has been demonstrated for the first time that exposure to p-cresol is accompanied by an increase in AQP7 expression and function. These effects were prevented by MOMAST®, likely suggesting potential applications as coadjuvant in the context of CKD (chapter 3). In addition, this thesis aimed to characterize polyphenols in OLE (Olive Leaf Extract), another waste product, that may act as selective agonists of the Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR). CaSR is a crucial protein regulating calcium levels that plays a significant role in signaling pathways under physiological and pathological conditions. p-Coumaric acid prevented vasopressin-induced water reabsorption by activating the CaSR, providing a new mechanism to manage water balance and treat related disorders (chapter 4). CaSR activation leads to reduced AQP2 expression and function. In an in vivo model of CaSR knock-in (KI) mice mimicking autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH), we observed pronounced downregulation of AQP2 expression maybe due to its increased degradation. Concurrently, elevated levels of p38-MAPK, ATF-1, and AQP2-targeting miR-137 were observed. In chapter 5 we provided evidence that treatments with a specific calcilytic (JTT-305) reverse these effects improving renal function. Finally, alterations in renal functions have been observed in patients subjected to lithium therapy. Lithium is commonly administered to tackle mental disorders. However, it is well established that lithium causes an acquired form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). Within the framework of this thesis, it has been demonstrated that tamoxifen (TAM), an estrogen receptor modulator, counteracted: a) the lithium-induced decrease in necroptosis; b) cilium elongation; c) lithium-induced increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) (chapter 6). Altogether, these studies propose bioactive molecules isolated by waste or by-products as possible supplements to treat disorders characterized by abnormal cell growth and chronic diseases.
Le foglie d’ulivo, considerate un sottoprodotto, stanno emergendo come fonte promettente di polifenoli, composti bioattivi con potenziali benefici per la salute. Recentemente sono state sviluppate diverse strategie per il recupero dei sottoprodotti e per la loro trasformazione in risorsa, nell'ottica dell'economia circolare. Le acque di vegetazione olearie (Olive Mill Waste Waters, OMWW) sono ricche di composti polifenolici e la Bioenutra s.r.l., un’azienda pugliese operante nel settore delle biotecnologie con sede a Ginosa (TA), in cui ho svolto parte del mio percorso di dottorato, si occupa di recuperare le OMWW e, sottoponendole a un processo produttivo brevettato, ne estrae un composto arricchito in polifenoli in formulazione liquida o granulare: il MOMAST®. I trattamenti con il MOMAST® inducono una riduzione dei livelli di espressione e della funzionalità dell'acquaporina 3 (AQP3) in cellule tumorali di adenocarcinoma colorettale umano. Inoltre, il MOMAST® interviene nella regolazione di processi chiave della progressione tumorale come la transizione epitelio-mesenchimale. Questi risultati suggeriscono potenziali applicazioni terapeutiche del MOMAST® nei disturbi legati a una crescita cellulare anomala (cap. 2). Inoltre è stato dimostrato che il MOMAST® ha anche effetti benefici nel mitigare il danno renale indotto dall'esposizione a lungo termine alla tossina uremica p-cresol associata alla progressione della malattia cronica renale (CKD). In questo studio è stato dimostrato per la prima volta che l'esposizione al p-cresol è associata a un incremento dei livelli di espressione e della funzionalità dell'AQP7. Questi effetti sono contrastati dal MOMAST®, suggerendo potenziali applicazioni del composto come coadiuvante nel contesto della CKD (cap. 3). Ulteriore obiettivo del presente lavoro di tesi è stato la caratterizzazione dei polifenoli presenti nell’OLE (Olive Leaf Extract), un estratto delle foglie d’ulivo nonché ulteriore prodotto di scarto, al fine di individuare quali delle suddette molecole possano agire come agonisti selettivi del Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR). Il CaSR è una proteina cruciale che regola i livelli di calcio e svolge un ruolo significativo nelle vie di segnalazione in condizioni fisiologiche e patologiche. È stato descritto come l'acido p-cumarico sia in grado di prevenire il riassorbimento di acqua indotto dalla vasopressina attivando il CaSR, offrendo un nuovo meccanismo per gestire l'equilibrio idrico e trattare i disturbi correlati a esso (cap. 4). L'attivazione del CaSR porta a una riduzione dell'espressione e della funzionalità dell'AQP2. In un modello in vivo di topi knock-in per il CaSR che mimano l'ipocalcemia autosomica dominante, abbiamo osservato una pronunciata down-regolazione dell'espressione dell’AQP2, probabilmente dovuta a un aumento nella sua degradazione. Contestualmente, sono stati osservati livelli elevati di p38-MAPK, ATF-1 e del miR-137 che ha come target l’AQP2. Nel cap. 5 abbiamo fornito evidenze che i trattamenti con uno specifico calcilitico (il JTT-305) invertono questi effetti migliorando la funzionalità renale. Infine, è emerso che la terapia con il litio, comunemente impiegata nel trattamento dei disturbi mentali, è associata ad alterazioni della funzionalità renale. Tuttavia, il litio è notoriamente responsabile dell’insorgenza di una forma acquisita di diabete insipido nefrogenico. Nell'ambito di questa tesi è stato dimostrato che il tamoxifen, un modulatore del recettore degli estrogeni, contrasta: a) la diminuzione della necroptosi indotta dal litio; b) l'allungamento dei ciglio primario; c) l'aumento della resistenza transepiteliale indotta dal litio (cap. 6). Complessivamente gli studi condotti evidenziano che le molecole bioattive isolate da rifiuti o sottoprodotti possono avere un ruolo significativo come integratori per trattare i disturbi caratterizzati da crescita cellulare anomala e le malattie croniche.
Studio molecolare di malattie del colon e del rene: il potenziale terapeutico dei sottoprodotti della produzione dell'olio d'oliva
ANGELINI, INES
2025
Abstract
Olive leaves, traditionally considered a by-product, are emerging as a promising source of polyphenols, bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. Different strategies have been recently developed for recovering and transforming these waste products into resources, by applying a circular economy approach. Olive Mill Waste Waters (OMWW) are rich in polyphenolic compounds. Bioenutra s.r.l., a biotechnology company based in Ginosa (TA), where I carried out part of my PhD work, exploited OMWW generating a patented polyphenol-enriched mixture, in liquid or granular form: the MOMAST®. It has been shown that bioactive compounds isolated from olive by-products and waste can modulate the expression and function of transporters and water channels. Here, it has been demonstrated that treatments with MOMAST® induced a reduction in the expression and function of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) in human colon cancer cells. Moreover, MOMAST® modulates key processes involved in tumor progression, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These findings, likely propose potential therapeutic applications of MOMAST® in disorders related to abnormal cell viability (chapter 2). Furthermore, these studies revealed that MOMAST® exerted beneficial effects in mitigating renal damage induced by long-term exposure to the uremic toxin p-cresol, that is associated with the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). In the present work it has been demonstrated for the first time that exposure to p-cresol is accompanied by an increase in AQP7 expression and function. These effects were prevented by MOMAST®, likely suggesting potential applications as coadjuvant in the context of CKD (chapter 3). In addition, this thesis aimed to characterize polyphenols in OLE (Olive Leaf Extract), another waste product, that may act as selective agonists of the Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR). CaSR is a crucial protein regulating calcium levels that plays a significant role in signaling pathways under physiological and pathological conditions. p-Coumaric acid prevented vasopressin-induced water reabsorption by activating the CaSR, providing a new mechanism to manage water balance and treat related disorders (chapter 4). CaSR activation leads to reduced AQP2 expression and function. In an in vivo model of CaSR knock-in (KI) mice mimicking autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH), we observed pronounced downregulation of AQP2 expression maybe due to its increased degradation. Concurrently, elevated levels of p38-MAPK, ATF-1, and AQP2-targeting miR-137 were observed. In chapter 5 we provided evidence that treatments with a specific calcilytic (JTT-305) reverse these effects improving renal function. Finally, alterations in renal functions have been observed in patients subjected to lithium therapy. Lithium is commonly administered to tackle mental disorders. However, it is well established that lithium causes an acquired form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). Within the framework of this thesis, it has been demonstrated that tamoxifen (TAM), an estrogen receptor modulator, counteracted: a) the lithium-induced decrease in necroptosis; b) cilium elongation; c) lithium-induced increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) (chapter 6). Altogether, these studies propose bioactive molecules isolated by waste or by-products as possible supplements to treat disorders characterized by abnormal cell growth and chronic diseases.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/217873
URN:NBN:IT:UNIBA-217873