Background.Klotho (Kl) is a type I transmembrane protein expressed in the kidney, parathyroid glands, and choroid plexus, acting as a co-receptor for Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23). Kl consists of three portions, one small transmembrane/intracellular domain, and an extracellular portion composed of two similar domains, kl1 and kl2. The extracellular portion can be cleaved by membrane proteases (ADAM10 and ADAM17) and released as a soluble form (sKl) into the bloodstream, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, acting as an endocrine and paracrine hormone. The serum/plasma concentration of sKl can be determined by a specific ELISA test. Low concentrations of sKl are associated with increased cardiovascular risk, worsening of renal insufficiency, and greater severity in autoimmune diseases. sKl concentrations have been correlated with the severity of some neurodegenerative and/or autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, neuropsychiatric lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They are autoimmune, chronic, and relapsing diseases characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. Aim. To date, the concentration of sKl in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases has not yet been determined. The purpose of our study is to explore the possible role of the Kl protein in patients with CD and UC. Materials and Methods. We compared KI serum concentration between patients affected by CD or UC and healthy subjects, recruited among blood donors. Five millilitres of peripheral blood were collected from each participant and the sKl concentration was determined in serum using a specific ELISA kit. Clinical information and the latest available laboratory tests were also collected. Results. Nine patients with CD or UC were enrolled, and their mean serum concentration (±SD) of Kl was 757.0 (418.0) pg/ml. In the 20 healthy subjects enrolled in the control group, the mean concentration (±SD) was 909.5 (264.7) pg/ml (p=n.s.). A significant inverse correlation was found between age and sKl concentration (r: -0.76; p: 0.02) and between creatinine and sKl (r: -0.89; p: 0.003) in IBD patients only. Disease activity in patients with CD (CDAI) was non-significantly correlated with sKl (r: 0.7431; p: 0.055). In healthy subjects, sKl was inversely correlated with white blood cell count (WBC; r: -0.53; p: 0.01), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH; r: -0.46; p: 0.04), absolute neutrophil count (Neu#; r: -0.5; p: 0.02), total cholesterol (r: -0.46: p: 0.04), and triglycerides (r: -0.52; p: 0.02). Conclusions. The results of this study did not show differences in serum sKl concentration between cases and controls, but suggest a possible correlation between disease activity (CDAI, Crohn's disease) and serum sKl concentration. Larger studies are needed to further explore the role of sKl as a disease marker in IBD patients.
Background. Klotho (Kl) è una proteina transmembrana di tipo I espressa a livello del rene, delle paratiroidi e del plesso corioideo e funge da co-recettore per il fattore di crescita dei fibroblasti 23 (FGF23). Kl è composta da tre porzioni, due, molto piccole, transmembrana e intracellulare, e una extracellulare composta da due domini molto simili kl1 e kl2. La porzione extracellulare può essere clivata dalle proteasi di membrana (ADAM10 e ADAM17) e rilasciata come forma solubile (sKl) nel torrente sanguigno, nelle urine e del liquor agendo come ormone endocrino e paracrino. La concentrazione sierica/plasmatica di sKl è determinabile tramite uno specifico test ELISA. Basse concentrazioni di sKl sono associate ad un aumentato rischio cardiovascolare, ad un peggioramento del grado di insufficienza renale e a una severità maggiore nelle patologie autoimmuni. Concentrazioni di sKl sono state correlate con la severità di alcune malattie neurodegenerative e/o autoimmuni come la sclerosi multipla, la sclerosi sistemica, il lupus neuropsichiatrico e l’artrite reumatoide. La malattia di Crohn (MC) e la rettocolite ulcerosa (RCU) sono le due forme di malattia infiammatoria cronica intestinale (MICI). Sono patologie autoimmuni, croniche e recidivanti, caratterizzate da periodi di remissione e di riacutizzazione. Scopo dello Studio. Ad oggi la concentrazione di sKl nei pazienti affetti da patologie infiammatorie intestinali non è stata ancora determinata. Scopo del nostro studio sarà esplorare il possibile ruolo della proteina Kl nei pazienti affetti da MC e RCU. Materiali e Metodi. Sono stati arruolati 9 pazienti (MC/RCU) e 20 soggetti sani (donatori di sangue). Da ognuno saranno prelevati 5 ml di sangue periferico dal quale sarà determinato, su siero, la concentrazione di sKl tramite kit ELISA specifico. Sono stati inoltre raccolti le informazioni cliniche e degli ultimi esami di laboratorio disponibili. Risultati. I pazienti avevano una concentrazione sierica media (±SD) di Kl pari a 757.0 (418.0) pg/ml, mentre il Gruppo di controllo avevano una concentrazione media (±SD) di 909.5 (264.7) pg/ml, nessuna differenza significativa è stata riscontrata tra i due Gruppi. Solo nel Gruppo MICI è stata riscontrata una correlazione significativa inversa tra età e concentrazione di sKl. (r: -0.76; p: 0.02) e tra creatinina e sKl (r: -0.89; p: 0.003). L’attività di malattia nei pazienti con MC (CDAI) non correlava in modo significativo con sKl (r: 0.7431; p: 0.055). Nei soggetti sani, sKl correlava inversamente con la conta leucocitaria (WBC; r: -0.53; p: 0.01), MCH (contenuto emoglobinico corpuscolare medio; r: -0.46; p: 0.04), conta assoluta dei neutrofili (Neu#; r: -0.5; p: 0.02), colesterolo totale (r: -0.46: p: 0.04) e trigliceridi (r: -0.52; p: 0.02). Conclusioni. I risultati di questo studio non hanno evidenziato differenze nella concentrazione sierica di sKl tra casi e controlli, ma suggeriscono una possibile correlazione tra attività di malattia (CDAI, malattia di Crohn) e concentrazione sierica di sKl, risultata ai limiti della significatività statistica. L’ipotesi di considerare sKl come marcatore di malattia nelle MICI deve essere confermata da ulteriori Studi con un maggior numero di pazienti arruolati.
RUOLO DELLA PROTEINA KLOTHO NELLE MALATTIE INFIAMMATORIE INTESTINALI. NUOVE POSSIBILI PROSPETTIVE.
GUERCI, MARCO
2024
Abstract
Background.Klotho (Kl) is a type I transmembrane protein expressed in the kidney, parathyroid glands, and choroid plexus, acting as a co-receptor for Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23). Kl consists of three portions, one small transmembrane/intracellular domain, and an extracellular portion composed of two similar domains, kl1 and kl2. The extracellular portion can be cleaved by membrane proteases (ADAM10 and ADAM17) and released as a soluble form (sKl) into the bloodstream, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, acting as an endocrine and paracrine hormone. The serum/plasma concentration of sKl can be determined by a specific ELISA test. Low concentrations of sKl are associated with increased cardiovascular risk, worsening of renal insufficiency, and greater severity in autoimmune diseases. sKl concentrations have been correlated with the severity of some neurodegenerative and/or autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, neuropsychiatric lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They are autoimmune, chronic, and relapsing diseases characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. Aim. To date, the concentration of sKl in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases has not yet been determined. The purpose of our study is to explore the possible role of the Kl protein in patients with CD and UC. Materials and Methods. We compared KI serum concentration between patients affected by CD or UC and healthy subjects, recruited among blood donors. Five millilitres of peripheral blood were collected from each participant and the sKl concentration was determined in serum using a specific ELISA kit. Clinical information and the latest available laboratory tests were also collected. Results. Nine patients with CD or UC were enrolled, and their mean serum concentration (±SD) of Kl was 757.0 (418.0) pg/ml. In the 20 healthy subjects enrolled in the control group, the mean concentration (±SD) was 909.5 (264.7) pg/ml (p=n.s.). A significant inverse correlation was found between age and sKl concentration (r: -0.76; p: 0.02) and between creatinine and sKl (r: -0.89; p: 0.003) in IBD patients only. Disease activity in patients with CD (CDAI) was non-significantly correlated with sKl (r: 0.7431; p: 0.055). In healthy subjects, sKl was inversely correlated with white blood cell count (WBC; r: -0.53; p: 0.01), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH; r: -0.46; p: 0.04), absolute neutrophil count (Neu#; r: -0.5; p: 0.02), total cholesterol (r: -0.46: p: 0.04), and triglycerides (r: -0.52; p: 0.02). Conclusions. The results of this study did not show differences in serum sKl concentration between cases and controls, but suggest a possible correlation between disease activity (CDAI, Crohn's disease) and serum sKl concentration. Larger studies are needed to further explore the role of sKl as a disease marker in IBD patients.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/218381
URN:NBN:IT:UNINSUBRIA-218381