The present work focuses on identifying the procedural framework for the recovery of tax credits. The research itinerary centers around three legal issues: i) the preliminary assessment of whether a type of “tax” credit can be configured as formally tax-related but substantively as a subsidy (Chapter I); ii) the identification of the regulatory framework for the recovery of tax credits following substantive controls (Chapter II); iii) the suitability of the distinctive features of subsidy-like tax credits to justify a deviation from the described framework, as well as the specific characteristics of the regulation governing the recovery of subsidy-like tax credits, as reconstructed interpretatively based on general principles (Chapter III). We responded affirmatively to the first question in Chapter I. Indeed, the adoption of a functional perspective was combined with an analysis of the structural characteristics of the credit, which highlight its strong subsidising nature (i.e., the extrafiscal purpose, the intensity exceeding the tax burden associated with the subsidised operation, the broad offsetability or transferability; the potential prior exercise of an administrative power). The approach that emphasises the economic substance of the institution can be traced to the Pavia tradition, as it evolved following the overcoming of economic-centric interpretations. It is, in fact, the principle of reasonableness that informs the answer to the second question, justifying and legitimising a different regulatory framework compared to the traditional model of tax credit recovery stricto sensu, as reconstructed in Chapter II. However, distinguishing between these two frameworks is not straightforward, as the procedural discipline of the recovery of subsidy-like credit, even when granted through an express administrative act, cannot be fully equated with that provided for direct subsidies. In fact, the mere tax form grants greater intensity to the power exercised by the Tax Administration, similar to what occurs in the taxation field. Therefore, where the form results in more detrimental effects on the position of the beneficiary of the subsidy-like credit, greater protections must be provided through the syncretic approach described in Chapter III. Finally, Chapter IV serves as an application of the above concepts: during the research period abroad, we examined the credit for foreign taxes, investigating the presence of any subsidising aspects, as well as the procedural implications of certain specific forms of pathology only apparently referable to international tax law.
Il presente lavoro assume ad oggetto l’individuazione dello statuto procedimentale del recupero dei crediti tributari. L’itinerario di ricerca si è incentrato su tre questioni giuridiche: i) la preliminare valutazione circa la configurabilità di una species di crediti “d’imposta” formalmente tributari e sostanzialmente sovvenzionali (Capitolo I); ii) l’individuazione del paradigma normativo del recupero dei crediti tributari a seguito di controlli sostanziali (Capitolo II); iii) l’idoneità dei caratteri distintivi dei crediti sovvenzionali a comportare una deviazione dal descritto paradigma, nonché il proprium della disciplina del recupero dei crediti sovvenzionali come ricostruita in via interpretativa sulla base di princìpi generali (Capitolo III). Abbiamo risposto in senso affermativo al primo quesito nel contesto del Capitolo I. Infatti, l’assunzione di una prospettiva funzionale è stata coniugata con un’analisi dei caratteri strutturali del credito che evidenziano una sua marcata sovvenzionalità (i.e. la finalità extrafiscale, l’intensità eccedente il carico fiscale associato all’operazione agevolata, l’ampia utilizzabilità in compensazione ovvero la cedibilità; l’eventuale previo esercizio di un potere amministrativo). L’impostazione che valorizza la sostanza economica dell’istituto è riconducibile alla tradizione pavese, come evolutasi a seguito del superamento delle letture economicistiche. È difatti il principio di ragionevolezza ad informare la risposta al secondo quesito, giustificando e legittimando una diversa disciplina rispetto al paradigma tradizionale del recupero del credito tributario in senso stretto, come ricostruito nel Capitolo II. Tuttavia, operare detta differenziazione non è agevole, in quanto la disciplina procedimentale del recupero del credito sovvenzionale, anche ove concesso con provvedimento amministrativo espresso, non può ritenersi pienamente sovrapponibile rispetto a quella prevista in tema di sovvenzioni dirette. Infatti, la mera forma tributaria conferisce maggiore intensità al potere che viene esercitato dall’Amministrazione finanziaria, analogamente a quanto accade sul versante impositivo. Allora, ove la forma comporti effetti deteriori sulla posizione del beneficiario del credito sovvenzionale, si dovranno riservare maggiori tutele mediante l’approccio sincretistico descritto nel Capitolo III. Da ultimo, il Capitolo IV costituisce un’applicazione di quanto appena esposto: durante il periodo di ricerca all’estero, si è approfondito il credito per imposte estere, indagando la sussistenza di eventuali profili di sovvenzionalità, nonché i riflessi procedimentali di alcune specifiche forme di patologia solo apparentemente riferibili al diritto internazionale tributario.
La patologia del credito tributario
CALCULLI, TOMMASO MARIA
2025
Abstract
The present work focuses on identifying the procedural framework for the recovery of tax credits. The research itinerary centers around three legal issues: i) the preliminary assessment of whether a type of “tax” credit can be configured as formally tax-related but substantively as a subsidy (Chapter I); ii) the identification of the regulatory framework for the recovery of tax credits following substantive controls (Chapter II); iii) the suitability of the distinctive features of subsidy-like tax credits to justify a deviation from the described framework, as well as the specific characteristics of the regulation governing the recovery of subsidy-like tax credits, as reconstructed interpretatively based on general principles (Chapter III). We responded affirmatively to the first question in Chapter I. Indeed, the adoption of a functional perspective was combined with an analysis of the structural characteristics of the credit, which highlight its strong subsidising nature (i.e., the extrafiscal purpose, the intensity exceeding the tax burden associated with the subsidised operation, the broad offsetability or transferability; the potential prior exercise of an administrative power). The approach that emphasises the economic substance of the institution can be traced to the Pavia tradition, as it evolved following the overcoming of economic-centric interpretations. It is, in fact, the principle of reasonableness that informs the answer to the second question, justifying and legitimising a different regulatory framework compared to the traditional model of tax credit recovery stricto sensu, as reconstructed in Chapter II. However, distinguishing between these two frameworks is not straightforward, as the procedural discipline of the recovery of subsidy-like credit, even when granted through an express administrative act, cannot be fully equated with that provided for direct subsidies. In fact, the mere tax form grants greater intensity to the power exercised by the Tax Administration, similar to what occurs in the taxation field. Therefore, where the form results in more detrimental effects on the position of the beneficiary of the subsidy-like credit, greater protections must be provided through the syncretic approach described in Chapter III. Finally, Chapter IV serves as an application of the above concepts: during the research period abroad, we examined the credit for foreign taxes, investigating the presence of any subsidising aspects, as well as the procedural implications of certain specific forms of pathology only apparently referable to international tax law.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
CALCULLI T.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
9.62 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
9.62 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
CALCULLI T_1.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
9.62 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
9.62 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in UNITESI sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/218421
URN:NBN:IT:UNIBA-218421