The excavation campaigns conducted in the catacomb complex of Canusium between 2004 and 2006 by the University of Bari A. Moro, in collaboration with the Superintendency of Archaeological Heritage of Apulia and the Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology (= PCAS), and since 2016 by the PCAS, under the scientific direction of P. De Santis, Inspector for the Catacombs of Apulia, have uncovered and deepened the investigations in five hypogea settlements of Christian commission, both familiar (hypogea F, G, H) and collective (catacomb C so-called S. Sofia), datable between the first half of the 4th and the middle of the 6th century. During the investigations conducted between 2004 and 2006 and between 2016 and 2021, 4169 ceramic fragments were found, with a total weight of 79032 g, comprising both vessels and oil lamps. An interdisciplinary approach was adopted to study these artefacts, combining traditional archaeological documentation methods and tools (classification and morpho-typological analysis) and more innovative methodologies and tools applied to archaeology (archaeometric analysis). This approach has made it possible to obtain a more detailed picture about the local ceramic production and to understand the dynamics of importation, circulation and dissemination known so far, enriching our comprehension of the economic, commercial and cultural interactions that characterised the area, and offering new perspectives on the relations between different geographical contexts and their influences. In particular, as far as oil lamps - almost exclusively local - are concerned, the quantity and typological variety encountered, which find no comparisons with other late antique period contexts known so far in southern Italy, have made it possible to improve typological and chronological knowledge about these artefacts. The pottery findings were also analysed in close relation to the stratigraphic data, which acts as a ‘thread’ to link the artefacts to the history of archaeological contexts. This kind of approach allowed the contexts and artefacts to benefit from the chronological and interpretative information derived from the integration of the data. Of particular note among these are the numerous in situ inscriptions ad annum dated, which offer valuable chronological references, allowing for the construction of chrono-typologies of artefacts. The detailed information obtained on each finding, integrated with a broader overall view, makes it possible to move from ‘trends to facts’, such as the reconstruction of the functions, uses (and reuses) and meanings attributed to these objects by the community that used them. The aim is not only to determine their possible practical use (or re-use), but also to explore their symbolic, ritual and communicative role in the context of their discovery. The study of ceramic artefacts in a funerary context such as that of Lamapopolis requires, in fact, the codification of a complex system of material and immaterial signs linked to death, which is essential for the interpretation of archaeological evidence and artefacts. For example, the presence in the catacombs of finewares (African Red Slip Ware and Phocean Red Slip Ware) and for everyday use (common ware, both achromatic and painted, and coarse cooking ware) can be related to the ritual of offering food and drink to the deceased, as well as to the in situ preparation and consumption of funeral meals. Another example concerns the Christian iconographic symbolism found on some oil lamps, which not only fulfilled the practical function of illuminating and brightening the hypogea settlements, but also played a significant role as a mean of visual communication. The complexity of interpretation is enriched through the association of the findings with excavation data, which allows for further quantitative and qualitative assessments.
Le campagne di scavo condotte nel complesso catacombale di Canusium tra il 2004 e il 2006 dall’Università degli studi di Bari A. Moro, in collaborazione con la Soprintendenza ai Beni archeologici della Puglia e la Pontificia Commissione di Archeologia Sacra (= PCAS), e a partire dal 2016 da parte della PCAS, sotto la direzione scientifica di P. De Santis, Ispettore per le Catacombe della Puglia, hanno permesso di mettere in luce e di approfondire le indagini in cinque nuclei ipogei, sia familiari (ipogei A, F, G, H) che collettivi (catacomba C cd. S. Sofia), di committenza cristiana, databili tra la prima metà del IV e la metà del VI secolo. Durante le indagini condotte tra il 2004 e il 2006 e tra il 2016 e il 2021 sono stati rinvenuti 4169 frammenti ceramici, per un peso complessivo di 79032 gr, comprendenti sia contenitori che lucerne. Per lo studio di questi reperti è stato adottato un approccio interdisciplinare che combina metodi e strumenti di documentazione archeologica tradizionali (classificazione e analisi morfo-tipologica) e metodologie e strumentazioni più moderne applicate all’archeologia (analisi archeometrica). Questo approccio ha permesso di ottenere un quadro più dettagliato delle produzioni ceramiche locali e delle dinamiche di importazione, circolazione e diffusione finora note, arricchendo la comprensione delle interazioni economiche, commerciali e culturali che caratterizzavano il territorio, e offrendo nuove prospettive sulle relazioni tra le diverse aree geografiche e le loro influenze reciproche. In particolare, per quanto riguarda le lucerne - quasi esclusivamente locali -, la quantità e la varietà tipologica riscontrate, che non trovano confronti rispetto ad altri contesti tardoantichi finora noti in Italia meridionale, hanno consentito di integrare la conoscenza di carattere tipologico e cronologico di queste suppellettili. Le attestazioni ceramiche sono state, inoltre, analizzate in stretta relazione con i dati stratigrafici, che fungono da ‘filo conduttore’ per collegare i manufatti alla storia dei contesti archeologici. Questo approccio ha permesso ai contesti e ai reperti di beneficiare delle informazioni cronologiche e interpretative derivanti dall’integrazione dei dati. Tra queste, di particolare rilievo sono le numerose iscrizioni in situ datate ad annum, che offrono preziosi riferimenti cronologici, permettendo la costruzione di seriazioni crono-tipologiche dei manufatti. Le informazioni dettagliate sui singoli manufatti, integrate con una visione complessiva più ampia, consentono di passare dalle ‘tendenze ai fatti’, come la ricostruzione delle funzioni, degli usi (e riusi) e dei significati attribuiti a questi oggetti dalla comunità che li utilizzavano. L’obiettivo non è solo quello di determinare il loro possibile uso (o riuso) pratico, ma anche di esplorare il loro ruolo simbolico, rituale e comunicativo nel contesto di rinvenimento. Lo studio dei reperti ceramici in un contesto funerario come quello di Lamapopoli richiede, infatti, la codificazione di un complesso sistema di segni materiali e immateriali che accompagnano la morte, essenziale per l’interpretazione delle evidenze archeologiche e dei manufatti. Ad esempio, la presenza negli ambienti catacombali di contenitori in ceramica fine da mensa (terra sigillata africana e focese) e d’uso comune (da mensa e da dispensa, sia acroma che dipinta, e da cucina) può essere messa in relazione con il rito dell’offerta di cibo e bevande ai defunti, nonché con la preparazione e consumazione in situ di pasti funebri. Un altro esempio riguarda il simbolismo iconografico di carattere cristiano presente su alcune lucerne, che non solo assolvevano alla funzione pratica di illuminare e rischiarare gli ambienti ipogei, ma svolgevano anche un ruolo significativo come mezzo di comunicazione visiva.
STRATIGRAFIA ARCHEOLOGICA E CULTURA MATERIALE. I manufatti ceramici del complesso catacombale tardoantico di Canusium: produzione, commercio, funzioni
ANTONINO, NATASHA LUIGIA
2025
Abstract
The excavation campaigns conducted in the catacomb complex of Canusium between 2004 and 2006 by the University of Bari A. Moro, in collaboration with the Superintendency of Archaeological Heritage of Apulia and the Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology (= PCAS), and since 2016 by the PCAS, under the scientific direction of P. De Santis, Inspector for the Catacombs of Apulia, have uncovered and deepened the investigations in five hypogea settlements of Christian commission, both familiar (hypogea F, G, H) and collective (catacomb C so-called S. Sofia), datable between the first half of the 4th and the middle of the 6th century. During the investigations conducted between 2004 and 2006 and between 2016 and 2021, 4169 ceramic fragments were found, with a total weight of 79032 g, comprising both vessels and oil lamps. An interdisciplinary approach was adopted to study these artefacts, combining traditional archaeological documentation methods and tools (classification and morpho-typological analysis) and more innovative methodologies and tools applied to archaeology (archaeometric analysis). This approach has made it possible to obtain a more detailed picture about the local ceramic production and to understand the dynamics of importation, circulation and dissemination known so far, enriching our comprehension of the economic, commercial and cultural interactions that characterised the area, and offering new perspectives on the relations between different geographical contexts and their influences. In particular, as far as oil lamps - almost exclusively local - are concerned, the quantity and typological variety encountered, which find no comparisons with other late antique period contexts known so far in southern Italy, have made it possible to improve typological and chronological knowledge about these artefacts. The pottery findings were also analysed in close relation to the stratigraphic data, which acts as a ‘thread’ to link the artefacts to the history of archaeological contexts. This kind of approach allowed the contexts and artefacts to benefit from the chronological and interpretative information derived from the integration of the data. Of particular note among these are the numerous in situ inscriptions ad annum dated, which offer valuable chronological references, allowing for the construction of chrono-typologies of artefacts. The detailed information obtained on each finding, integrated with a broader overall view, makes it possible to move from ‘trends to facts’, such as the reconstruction of the functions, uses (and reuses) and meanings attributed to these objects by the community that used them. The aim is not only to determine their possible practical use (or re-use), but also to explore their symbolic, ritual and communicative role in the context of their discovery. The study of ceramic artefacts in a funerary context such as that of Lamapopolis requires, in fact, the codification of a complex system of material and immaterial signs linked to death, which is essential for the interpretation of archaeological evidence and artefacts. For example, the presence in the catacombs of finewares (African Red Slip Ware and Phocean Red Slip Ware) and for everyday use (common ware, both achromatic and painted, and coarse cooking ware) can be related to the ritual of offering food and drink to the deceased, as well as to the in situ preparation and consumption of funeral meals. Another example concerns the Christian iconographic symbolism found on some oil lamps, which not only fulfilled the practical function of illuminating and brightening the hypogea settlements, but also played a significant role as a mean of visual communication. The complexity of interpretation is enriched through the association of the findings with excavation data, which allows for further quantitative and qualitative assessments.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi Antonino dottorato_1.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/218441
URN:NBN:IT:UNIBA-218441