The transcription factor ZNF281 is a zinc finger protein that takes part in many processes including the maintenance of cellular pluripotency and stemness during embryogenesis. In order to explore additional roles of ZNF281 in adult life we analyzed ZNF281 expression during cellular differentiation. Firstly, we show that ZNF281 negatively affect the differentiation process of neuroblastoma cells (NB) and murine cortical neurons. Ectopic expression of ZNF281 inhibits the differentiation of murine cortical cells and of ATRA (all-trans retinoic acid) treated NB cells, whereas its silencing causes the opposite effect. To identify downstream effectors of ZNF281 associated with this process we perform an array analysis on NB cells silenced for ZNF281 expression. The results of this analysis identified GDNF (Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) and NRP2 (Neuropilin 2) as two transcriptional targets inhibited by ZNF281. Binding of ZNF281 to the promoters of these genes suggests a direct mechanism of repression. We also show that during NB differentiation ZNF281 expression is down regulated by TAp73 through the activation of miR34a and positively regulated by MYCN at list in part by inhibiting miR34a. Interestingly, down-regulation of ZNF281/Zfp281 expression is a common feature of several differentiation pathways. Indeed ZNF281/zfp281 is down regulated during epithelial and muscle differentiation in vitro. Moreover, the expression of this gene is absent in terminally differentiated human tissues opposite to the elevated expression in proliferating/differentiating one. The post-transcriptional regulation of ZNF281 by miR34a during neuronal differentiation led us to speculate that the downregulation of ZNF281/Zfp281 during differentiation in various cell types may occur through specific miRs whose expression is tissue restricted. Analysis of the 3’UTR of ZNF281/Zfp281 revealed the presence of numerous previously undescribed miR binding sites that were proved to be functional for miR-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. Many of these miRs are involved in differentiation pathways of distinct cellular lineages. Of interest, ZNF281/Zfp281 is able to inhibit muscle differentiation promoted by miR-1 of which ZNF281/Zfp281 is a direct target. In addition, we found that in rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma tumors the expression of ZNF281/Zfp281 is significantly higher compared with normal counterparts. We highlighted a new role of ZNF281/Zfp281 in counteracting muscle 5 differentiation; its down-regulation is at least in part mediated by the miR-1. The elevated expression of ZNF281/Zfp281 in soft tissue sarcomas warrants further analysis for its possible exploitation as a prognostic marker in this class of tumors. In summary, our study highlights that miRs-mediated ZNF281 downregulation is essential during the differentiation of somatic cells. The role of ZNF281 in maintaining an undifferentiated state might be beneficial to cancer cells where its expression is frequently upregulated, suggesting also a prognostic value.
ZNF281 è un fattore di trascrizione di tipo zinc finger coinvolto in molti processi cellulari, incluso il mantenimento della pluripotenza e della staminalità cellulare durante l'embriogenesi. (Miguel Fidalgo et al. 2011). Al fine di esplorare ulteriori ruoli di ZNF281 nella vita adulta abbiamo analizzato l’espressione di questo fattore durante il differenziamento cellulare. In particolare, abbiamo mostrato che ZNF281 influisce negativamente sul differenziamento delle cellule di neuroblastoma (NB) e dei neuroni corticali murini. Infatti, l'espressione ectopica di ZNF281 inibisce il differenziamento delle cellule corticali murine e delle cellule di neuroblastoma (NB) trattate con ATRA (acido retinoico), mentre il suo silenziamento provoca l'effetto opposto. Per identificare gli effetti a valle di ZNF281 associati a questo processo, abbiamo eseguito un'analisi array su cellule di NB silenziate per ZNF281. I risultati di questa analisi hanno identificato GDNF (Fattore Neurotrofico di Derivazione Gliale) e NRP2 (Neuropilina 2) come due targets trascrizionali inibiti da ZNF281. Il legame di ZNF281 ai promotori di questi geni suggerisce un meccanismo diretto di repressione. Abbiamo anche mostrato che durante il differenziamento delle cellule di NB l’espressione di ZNF281 è regolata negativamente da TAp73 attraverso l'attivazione di miR34a e positivamente da MYCN almeno in parte attraverso l’inibizione del miR34a. Inoltre, abbiamo notato che la diminuzione dell’espressione di ZNF281 è una caratteristica comune di diversi tipi di differenziamento cellulare. In effetti ZNF281/zfp281 diminuisce durante il differenziamento epiteliale e muscolare in vitro. Inoltre, il gene non è espresso nei tessuti umani terminalmente differenziati mentre è espresso ad elevati livelli nei tessuti proliferanti e/o in differenziamento. La regolazione post-trascrizionale di ZNF281 mediata da miR34a durante il differenziamento neuronale ci ha portato a speculare che la down-regolazione di ZNF281/Zfp281 durante il differenziamento di vari tipo cellulari potesse avvenire attraverso specifici miRs la cui espressione è tessuto ristretta. L'analisi del 3’ UTR di ZNF281/Zfp281 ha rivelato la presenza di numerosi, precedentemente non descritti, siti di legame per miRs, che si sono dimostrati funzionali per la regolazione post-trascrizionale miRs-mediata. Molti di questi miRs sono coinvolti ne differenziamento di distinte linee cellulari. Di interesse, ZNF281/Zfp281 è in grado di inibire il differenziamento muscolare promosso 7 da miR-1 di cui ZNF281/Zfp281 è un bersaglio diretto. Inoltre, abbiamo scoperto che nei tumori di rabdomiosarcoma e leiomiosarcoma l'espressione di ZNF281/Zfp281 è significativamente elevata rispetto ai corrispondenti tessuti normali. Abbiamo evidenziato un nuovo ruolo di ZNF281/Zfp281 nel contrastare il differenziamento muscolare e che la sua down-regolazione è almeno in parte mediata dal miR-1. L'elevata espressione di ZNF281/Zfp281 nei sarcomi dei tessuti molli richiede ulteriori analisi per il suo possibile sfruttamento come marcatore prognostico in questa classe di tumori. In conclusione, i nostri dati suggeriscono che la diminuzione dell’espressione di ZNF28 mediata dai miRs è essenziale per il differenziamento delle cellule somatiche. Il ruolo di ZNF281 nel mantenere un fenotipo indifferenziato è sfruttato nel contesto tumorale dove la sua espressione è frequentemente elevata suggerendo un suo potenziale ruolo come fattore prognostico.
MicroRNA-mediated control of ZNF281 expression in cellular differentiation
PITOLLI, CONSUELO
2020
Abstract
The transcription factor ZNF281 is a zinc finger protein that takes part in many processes including the maintenance of cellular pluripotency and stemness during embryogenesis. In order to explore additional roles of ZNF281 in adult life we analyzed ZNF281 expression during cellular differentiation. Firstly, we show that ZNF281 negatively affect the differentiation process of neuroblastoma cells (NB) and murine cortical neurons. Ectopic expression of ZNF281 inhibits the differentiation of murine cortical cells and of ATRA (all-trans retinoic acid) treated NB cells, whereas its silencing causes the opposite effect. To identify downstream effectors of ZNF281 associated with this process we perform an array analysis on NB cells silenced for ZNF281 expression. The results of this analysis identified GDNF (Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) and NRP2 (Neuropilin 2) as two transcriptional targets inhibited by ZNF281. Binding of ZNF281 to the promoters of these genes suggests a direct mechanism of repression. We also show that during NB differentiation ZNF281 expression is down regulated by TAp73 through the activation of miR34a and positively regulated by MYCN at list in part by inhibiting miR34a. Interestingly, down-regulation of ZNF281/Zfp281 expression is a common feature of several differentiation pathways. Indeed ZNF281/zfp281 is down regulated during epithelial and muscle differentiation in vitro. Moreover, the expression of this gene is absent in terminally differentiated human tissues opposite to the elevated expression in proliferating/differentiating one. The post-transcriptional regulation of ZNF281 by miR34a during neuronal differentiation led us to speculate that the downregulation of ZNF281/Zfp281 during differentiation in various cell types may occur through specific miRs whose expression is tissue restricted. Analysis of the 3’UTR of ZNF281/Zfp281 revealed the presence of numerous previously undescribed miR binding sites that were proved to be functional for miR-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. Many of these miRs are involved in differentiation pathways of distinct cellular lineages. Of interest, ZNF281/Zfp281 is able to inhibit muscle differentiation promoted by miR-1 of which ZNF281/Zfp281 is a direct target. In addition, we found that in rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma tumors the expression of ZNF281/Zfp281 is significantly higher compared with normal counterparts. We highlighted a new role of ZNF281/Zfp281 in counteracting muscle 5 differentiation; its down-regulation is at least in part mediated by the miR-1. The elevated expression of ZNF281/Zfp281 in soft tissue sarcomas warrants further analysis for its possible exploitation as a prognostic marker in this class of tumors. In summary, our study highlights that miRs-mediated ZNF281 downregulation is essential during the differentiation of somatic cells. The role of ZNF281 in maintaining an undifferentiated state might be beneficial to cancer cells where its expression is frequently upregulated, suggesting also a prognostic value.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/223434
URN:NBN:IT:UNIROMA2-223434