Purpose - The growing focus on sustainable economic and production models has fostered the emergence of the Blue Economy as an integrated approach to marine resource protection and the transformation of business practices in enterprises that base their activities on the sea. In this context, the firm emerges as a central actor capable of driving a sustainable transition, not only by mitigating environmental impacts, but also as a complex, dynamic, and open system. It can crystallize the value generated for multiple stakeholders and serve as a hub for innovation, value creation, and socially responsible behaviour aimed at generating economic, environmental, and social value. Building on the theoretical framework of the firm as a system, sustainable business models, and the Blue Economy, this thesis identifies intellectual capital, digitalization, smart technologies, and ESG-oriented sustainability as emerging factors acting as strategic levers for sustainable value creation in the tourism and fisheries sectors (food), both considered strategic within the Blue Economy. Methodology - The thesis adopts a qualitative, exploratory methodology based on a multiple case study approach. Two representative case studies were selected based on their economic relevance and strategic role within the maritime supply chain of the Gulf of Gaeta. The analysis was developed through a research protocol combining primary sources (semi-structured interviews and company visits with direct observation of production processes) and secondary sources (corporate documents). The thesis is structured into three main sections: a theoretical framework, the analysis of emerging strategic factors, and an empirical investigation of the selected cases. The research concludes with the development of a “multi-value” model and the proposal of operational guidelines for companies, aimed at enhancing key elements of the Blue Economy supply chain and fostering business growth. Findings - The empirical analysis highlights both differences and convergences between the two cases, emphasizing the importance of intangible assets in business legitimacy and competitive growth. The “human” and “relational” dimensions of intellectual capital appear to be fundamental in both sectors of the Blue Economy. Sectoral differences emerge in the use of digitalization and smart technologies: in tourism, these are more widely adopted, while in the fisheries sector their application is mostly limited to administrative management. Finally, both companies demonstrate awareness of environmental and social sustainability, whereas governance practices appear less developed. Based on the empirical findings, a “multi-value” model was developed which, in addition to providing a theoretical contribution, offers practical guidelines to support SMEs in the Blue Economy in generating long-term value. Research implications - This study presents relevant theoretical and practical implications. On the one hand, it contributes to the theoretical development of the emerging factors analyzed; on the other hand, it offers practical guidance for key stakeholders in the Blue Economy, including entrepreneurs, policy makers, and other actors, in integrating these elements into business models, with a specific focus on value creation and strategic alignment with ESG parameters. Originality and value - Finally, the research contributes to the literature by offering an original perspective on the role that the identified emerging factors play in the business models of the Blue Economy. The combination of theoretical framing, empirical analysis, and operational proposals represents an innovative contribution to a field that still requires further exploration from a business and managerial standpoint.
Obiettivi - L’attenzione verso modelli economici e produttivi sostenibili ha favorito l’emergere della Blue Economy quale approccio integrato alla tutela delle risorse marine e alla trasformazione delle logiche imprenditoriali di imprese che basano la propria attività sulla risorsa mare. In questo scenario, l’impresa emerge come soggetto centrale in grado di guidare una transizione sostenibile, non solo nella mitigazione degli impatti ambientali, ma anche come sistema complesso, dinamico e aperto, capace di cristallizzare il valore generato a una molteplicità di stakeholder e, al contempo, di fungere come luogo di sintesi di processi di innovazione, di produzione del valore e di comportamenti socialmente responsabili, orientati alla generazione di valore economico, ambientale e sociale. A partire dal quadro teorico sul sistema impresa, sui modelli di business sostenibili e sull’economia blu, la tesi individua nel capitale intellettuale, nella digitalizzazione, nelle tecnologie smart e nella sostenibilità in ottica ESG fattori emergenti in grado di agire come leve strategiche per la creazione di valore sostenibile nei settori del turismo e della filiera ittica (food), considerati strategici nella Blue Economy. Metodologia - La tesi adotta una metodologia qualitativa di tipo esplorativo, fondata sull’approccio dello studio di casi multipli. Sono stati selezionati due casi di studio rappresentativi in base alla loro rilevanza economica e al ruolo strategico svolto all’interno della filiera marittima del Golfo di Gaeta. L’analisi si è sviluppata attraverso un protocollo di ricerca che ha integrato fonti primarie (interviste semi-strutturate e visite aziendali, con osservazione diretta dei processi produttivi) e fonti secondarie (documenti aziendali). Il presente lavoro di tesi si articola in tre sezioni principali: un inquadramento teorico, l’analisi dei fattori strategici emergenti e l’approfondimento empirico dei casi selezionati. Infine, la ricerca si conclude con la formalizzazione di un modello “multi-valore” e con la proposta di linee guida operative per le imprese, capaci di valorizzare elementi caratteristici della filiera dell’economia del mare e di attivare processi di crescita aziendale. Risultati - L’analisi empirica evidenzia differenze e convergenze tra i due casi, sottolineando l’importanza degli asset intangibili nella legittimazione aziendale e nella crescita competitiva. Le dimensioni “umana” e “relazionale” del capitale intellettuale appaiono fondamentali nei due comparti della Blue Economy. Nell’ambito della digitalizzazione e dell’utilizzo delle tecnologie smart emergono differenze settoriali: nel turismo esse risultano maggiormente adottate, mentre nella filiera ittica l’impiego si limita prevalentemente alla gestione amministrativa. Infine, entrambe le aziende mostrano consapevolezza sulla sostenibilità ambientale e sociale, mentre le pratiche di governance appaiono meno sviluppate. Grazie ai risultati ottenuti dallo studio empirico è stato possibile procedere alla strutturazione di un modello “multi-valore” che, oltre a offrire un contributo teorico, propone linee guida operative per le PMI della Blue Economy supportandole nella creazione di valore nel lungo periodo. Limiti della ricerca e implicazioni - Questo studio presenta rilevanti implicazioni teoriche e pratiche. Da un lato, contribuisce allo sviluppo teorico dei fattori emergenti analizzati; dall’altro, offre indicazioni operative utili per gli attori chiave della Blue Economy, tra cui imprenditori, policy maker e stakeholder, nell’integrare tali elementi all’interno dei modelli di business, con un’attenzione specifica alla creazione di valore e all’allineamento strategico ai parametri ESG. Originalità e valore - La ricerca, infine, contribuisce alla letteratura proponendo una visione originale del ruolo che i fattori emergenti individuati hanno sui business models della Blue Economy. La combinazione tra approccio teorico, analisi empirica e proposta operativa rappresenta un contributo innovativo in un ambito che necessita ancora di maggiore esplorazione dal punto di vista aziendale e manageriale.
Economia del mare tra turismo e food
MARRONI, FEDERICA
2025
Abstract
Purpose - The growing focus on sustainable economic and production models has fostered the emergence of the Blue Economy as an integrated approach to marine resource protection and the transformation of business practices in enterprises that base their activities on the sea. In this context, the firm emerges as a central actor capable of driving a sustainable transition, not only by mitigating environmental impacts, but also as a complex, dynamic, and open system. It can crystallize the value generated for multiple stakeholders and serve as a hub for innovation, value creation, and socially responsible behaviour aimed at generating economic, environmental, and social value. Building on the theoretical framework of the firm as a system, sustainable business models, and the Blue Economy, this thesis identifies intellectual capital, digitalization, smart technologies, and ESG-oriented sustainability as emerging factors acting as strategic levers for sustainable value creation in the tourism and fisheries sectors (food), both considered strategic within the Blue Economy. Methodology - The thesis adopts a qualitative, exploratory methodology based on a multiple case study approach. Two representative case studies were selected based on their economic relevance and strategic role within the maritime supply chain of the Gulf of Gaeta. The analysis was developed through a research protocol combining primary sources (semi-structured interviews and company visits with direct observation of production processes) and secondary sources (corporate documents). The thesis is structured into three main sections: a theoretical framework, the analysis of emerging strategic factors, and an empirical investigation of the selected cases. The research concludes with the development of a “multi-value” model and the proposal of operational guidelines for companies, aimed at enhancing key elements of the Blue Economy supply chain and fostering business growth. Findings - The empirical analysis highlights both differences and convergences between the two cases, emphasizing the importance of intangible assets in business legitimacy and competitive growth. The “human” and “relational” dimensions of intellectual capital appear to be fundamental in both sectors of the Blue Economy. Sectoral differences emerge in the use of digitalization and smart technologies: in tourism, these are more widely adopted, while in the fisheries sector their application is mostly limited to administrative management. Finally, both companies demonstrate awareness of environmental and social sustainability, whereas governance practices appear less developed. Based on the empirical findings, a “multi-value” model was developed which, in addition to providing a theoretical contribution, offers practical guidelines to support SMEs in the Blue Economy in generating long-term value. Research implications - This study presents relevant theoretical and practical implications. On the one hand, it contributes to the theoretical development of the emerging factors analyzed; on the other hand, it offers practical guidance for key stakeholders in the Blue Economy, including entrepreneurs, policy makers, and other actors, in integrating these elements into business models, with a specific focus on value creation and strategic alignment with ESG parameters. Originality and value - Finally, the research contributes to the literature by offering an original perspective on the role that the identified emerging factors play in the business models of the Blue Economy. The combination of theoretical framing, empirical analysis, and operational proposals represents an innovative contribution to a field that still requires further exploration from a business and managerial standpoint.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/295313
URN:NBN:IT:UNIROMA1-295313