Illegal Migrations from Iran (An Analysis of Legal Frameworks, Socio-Political Causes, and International Impacts)

This thesis examines the phenomenon of illegal migration from Iran through legal, socio-political, and international perspectives. It analyzes how political repression, economic hardship, and social inequalities drive many Iranians to leave the country through irregular and often dangerous routes, facilitated by human smuggling networks and restrictive migration policies. The study explores Iran’s criminalization of irregular emigration, its border management practices, and the impact of international sanctions on migration dynamics. Special attention is given to the growing feminization of migration, revealing the unique challenges faced by Iranian women who migrate in search of freedom and opportunity. By also assessing European asylum and migration frameworks and their implications for Iranian migrants, the research highlights critical human rights concerns and systemic shortcomings. Ultimately, the thesis concludes that irregular migration from Iran is a multifaceted issue rooted in domestic governance failures and global inequalities, calling for coordinated reforms that enhance legal migration pathways, protect migrants’ rights, and promote socio-economic stability.