Many children and adolescents care for ill family members, frequently performing substantial caregiving tasks and assuming levels of responsibility typically associated with adults. These young carers (YCs) often provide essential care and support, frequently stepping into roles that demand maturity beyond their years. Most YCs are not acknowledged and receive limited support. Through an intersectional lens, this study aimed to contribute a deeper understanding of childhood caregiving in a context where children's roles are normalised as a significant element of socialisation. The frameworks used facilitated an in-depth examination of how individual, familial, communal, and systemic factors intersect to influence the experiences of young carers. The study revealed a new way of exploring young carers’ research: the unspoken sociocultural issues. This approach uncovered the broader, often unspoken dynamics perpetuating their invisibility and marginalisation. The study adopted a qualitative phenomenological approach, allowing for the exploration of the lived experiences of YCs in Kandara sub-county through interviews with nineteen YCs (aged 10–22 years) and nine key informants. The study generated three major themes: 1) Internalising the sense of responsibility associated with young caregiving; 2) Dualities of the lived experiences of the young carers; and 3) Navigating between survival and embracing resilience. The extent of caregiving responsibilities performed by the participants included caring for siblings and providing physical and emotional support to adult care recipients. Economic hardship and inadequate access to structured or unstructured support compelled some YCs to engage in income-generating activities to support themselves and their families. Caring emerged as central to young carers' identity, perceived as a fundamental duty and an unquestionable obligation. YCs felt accountable for the well-being of the care recipient and did not perceive caregiving as inherently problematic. However, their lives were filled with dualities as they navigated complex challenges, including balancing personal aspirations with caregiving duties often unrecognised by society. Such dualities permeated all their ecological systems, amplifying their invisibility and hindering their willingness and ability to seek support. Care responsibilities limited their developmental opportunities, restricting peer interactions, education, and personal growth, experiences that heightened feelings of helplessness, isolation, despair, and anxiety. They also faced poverty and disease-related stigma, rooted in societal perceptions and prejudices, contributing to feelings of shame, vulnerability, and psychological distress. Despite the significant challenges and demands of caregiving, YCs demonstrated a remarkable capacity for adaptation, developing coping strategies that enabled them to navigate their responsibilities effectively. The study concludes that YCs require psychosocial support and structured post-caregiving support. Finally, providing YCs with adequate and sustainable access to essential amenities would ease their caregiving burden.
Molti bambini e adolescenti si prendono cura di familiari malati, svolgendo frequentemente importanti compiti di assistenza e assumendo livelli di responsabilità tipici degli adulti. Questi giovani caregiver (YC) offrono spesso cure e supporto essenziali, ricoprendo ruoli che richiedono una maturità superiore alla loro età. La maggior parte dei YC non è riconosciuta e riceve un sostegno limitato. Attraverso una lente intersezionale, questo studio mira a contribuire a una comprensione più profonda del caregiving infantile, in un contesto in cui i ruoli dei bambini sono normalizzati come elemento significativo della socializzazione. I quadri teorici utilizzati hanno facilitato un’analisi approfondita di come fattori individuali, familiari, comunitari e sistemici si intersechino nel modellare le esperienze dei giovani caregiver. Lo studio ha rivelato un nuovo modo di esplorare la ricerca sui giovani caregiver, mettendo in luce questioni socioculturali spesso taciute. Questo approccio ha permesso di svelare le dinamiche più ampie, spesso non esplicitate, che perpetuano la loro invisibilità e marginalizzazione. Lo studio ha adottato un approccio fenomenologico qualitativo, consentendo l’esplorazione delle esperienze vissute dei YC nella contea di Kandara in Kenya, attraverso interviste con diciannove YC (tra i 10 e i 22 anni) e nove informatori chiave. Lo studio ha rivelato tre temi principali: 1. L’interiorizzazione del senso di responsabilità associato al caregiving giovanile; 2. Le dualità delle esperienze vissute dai giovani caregiver; e 3. La capacità di navigare tra livello di sopravvivenza e resilienza. Le responsabilità di caregiving dei partecipanti includevano la cura dei fratelli e il supporto fisico ed emotivo agli adulti destinatari delle cure. Le difficoltà economiche e l'accesso inadeguato a forme di supporto strutturate o informali hanno spinto alcuni YC a intraprendere attività generatrici di reddito per sostenere sé stessi e le loro famiglie. Il caregiving è emerso come un elemento centrale dell’identità dei giovani, percepito come un dovere fondamentale e un obbligo indiscusso. I YC si sentivano responsabili del benessere della persona assistita e non percepivano l’attività di cura come intrinsecamente problematica. Tuttavia, le loro vite erano piene di contraddizioni mentre affrontavano sfide complesse, come l’equilibrio tra aspirazioni personali e responsabilità di cura spesso non riconosciute dalla società. Tali difficoltà permeavano tutti i loro sistemi ecologici, amplificando la loro invisibilità e ostacolando la loro volontà e capacità di cercare supporto. Le responsabilità di cura limitavano le loro opportunità di sviluppo, riducendo le interazioni tra pari e il focus sull’istruzione e la crescita personale, esperienze che aumentavano i sentimenti di impotenza, isolamento, disperazione e ansia. Affrontavano anche povertà e stigma legati alla malattia, radicati in percezioni e pregiudizi sociali, contribuendo a sentimenti di vergogna, vulnerabilità e disagio psicologico. Nonostante le significative sfide e richieste del caregiving, i YC hanno dimostrato una notevole capacità di adattamento, sviluppando strategie di coping che consentivano loro di affrontare efficacemente le responsabilità. Lo studio conclude che i YC necessitano di supporto psicosociale e di un’assistenza strutturata post-caregiving. Infine, fornire ai YC un accesso adeguato e sostenibile ai servizi essenziali alleggerirebbe il loro carico di cura.
"Sono felice, ma non così felice": Le Realtà Complesse dei Giovani Caregiver nelle Zone Rurali del Kenya attraverso una Lente Intersezionale
NDUNGU, FRASHIA
2025
Abstract
Many children and adolescents care for ill family members, frequently performing substantial caregiving tasks and assuming levels of responsibility typically associated with adults. These young carers (YCs) often provide essential care and support, frequently stepping into roles that demand maturity beyond their years. Most YCs are not acknowledged and receive limited support. Through an intersectional lens, this study aimed to contribute a deeper understanding of childhood caregiving in a context where children's roles are normalised as a significant element of socialisation. The frameworks used facilitated an in-depth examination of how individual, familial, communal, and systemic factors intersect to influence the experiences of young carers. The study revealed a new way of exploring young carers’ research: the unspoken sociocultural issues. This approach uncovered the broader, often unspoken dynamics perpetuating their invisibility and marginalisation. The study adopted a qualitative phenomenological approach, allowing for the exploration of the lived experiences of YCs in Kandara sub-county through interviews with nineteen YCs (aged 10–22 years) and nine key informants. The study generated three major themes: 1) Internalising the sense of responsibility associated with young caregiving; 2) Dualities of the lived experiences of the young carers; and 3) Navigating between survival and embracing resilience. The extent of caregiving responsibilities performed by the participants included caring for siblings and providing physical and emotional support to adult care recipients. Economic hardship and inadequate access to structured or unstructured support compelled some YCs to engage in income-generating activities to support themselves and their families. Caring emerged as central to young carers' identity, perceived as a fundamental duty and an unquestionable obligation. YCs felt accountable for the well-being of the care recipient and did not perceive caregiving as inherently problematic. However, their lives were filled with dualities as they navigated complex challenges, including balancing personal aspirations with caregiving duties often unrecognised by society. Such dualities permeated all their ecological systems, amplifying their invisibility and hindering their willingness and ability to seek support. Care responsibilities limited their developmental opportunities, restricting peer interactions, education, and personal growth, experiences that heightened feelings of helplessness, isolation, despair, and anxiety. They also faced poverty and disease-related stigma, rooted in societal perceptions and prejudices, contributing to feelings of shame, vulnerability, and psychological distress. Despite the significant challenges and demands of caregiving, YCs demonstrated a remarkable capacity for adaptation, developing coping strategies that enabled them to navigate their responsibilities effectively. The study concludes that YCs require psychosocial support and structured post-caregiving support. Finally, providing YCs with adequate and sustainable access to essential amenities would ease their caregiving burden.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/307954
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMORE-307954