The transition toward sustainable production models represents a global priority, particularly for the agri-food sector, which significantly contributes to resource depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity loss. In this context, the valorization of alternative and underutilized plant resources, such as agri-food by-products and Wild Edible Plants (WEP), is increasingly recognized as a key strategy to promote circular economy approaches and reduce raw-material waste. This PhD project fits within this framework, aiming to investigate and enhance the value of plant-derived bioactive compounds through the extraction, chemical characterization, and functional evaluation of selected matrices. Specifically, the study focused on grape seeds originating from the winemaking chain and on essential oils extracted from edible wild species. Advanced analytical techniques, including chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS, HPLC-MS), proteomic approaches, multivariate analysis, and biological assays, were employed to define the chemical profiles and assess the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and technological activities of the samples, with particular attention to potential applications in nutraceutical, industrial, and enological processes. Overall, the research provides new insights into the sustainable use of plant resources, supporting waste reduction and the development of high-value products.
La transizione verso modelli produttivi sostenibili rappresenta una sfida prioritaria a livello globale, in particolare per il settore agroalimentare, fortemente impattante in termini di consumo di risorse naturali, emissioni climalteranti e perdita di biodiversità. In questo contesto, la valorizzazione di risorse vegetali alternative e poco sfruttate – quali scarti agroalimentari e piante selvatiche commestibili (Wild Edible Plants, WEP) – emerge come strategia chiave per promuovere l’economia circolare e ridurre lo spreco di materie prime. Il progetto di ricerca sviluppato nel corso del dottorato si inserisce in questo quadro, con l’obiettivo di studiare e valorizzare composti bioattivi di origine vegetale attraverso l’estrazione, la caratterizzazione chimica e la valutazione funzionale di diverse matrici. In particolare, sono stati analizzati i vinaccioli derivanti dalla filiera enologica e gli oli essenziali estratti da specie spontanee commestibili. L’impiego di tecniche avanzate di cromatografia e spettrometria di massa (GC-MS, HPLC-MS), approcci proteomici, analisi multivariate e saggi biologici ha permesso di definirne il profilo chimico e di evidenziarne le potenzialità applicative in ambito nutraceutico, tecnologico e industriale, con particolare riferimento alle attività antiossidanti, antimicrobiche e a possibili applicazioni come coadiuvanti nei processi enologici. Il lavoro complessivo contribuisce a delineare percorsi innovativi per l’uso sostenibile delle risorse vegetali, favorendo la riduzione degli sprechi e lo sviluppo di prodotti ad alto valore aggiunto.
COMPOSTI FUNZIONALI DA PIANTE SELVATICHE COMMESTIBILI E NEI RIFIUTI AGROALIMENTARI
Porrello, Antonella
2025
Abstract
The transition toward sustainable production models represents a global priority, particularly for the agri-food sector, which significantly contributes to resource depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity loss. In this context, the valorization of alternative and underutilized plant resources, such as agri-food by-products and Wild Edible Plants (WEP), is increasingly recognized as a key strategy to promote circular economy approaches and reduce raw-material waste. This PhD project fits within this framework, aiming to investigate and enhance the value of plant-derived bioactive compounds through the extraction, chemical characterization, and functional evaluation of selected matrices. Specifically, the study focused on grape seeds originating from the winemaking chain and on essential oils extracted from edible wild species. Advanced analytical techniques, including chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS, HPLC-MS), proteomic approaches, multivariate analysis, and biological assays, were employed to define the chemical profiles and assess the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and technological activities of the samples, with particular attention to potential applications in nutraceutical, industrial, and enological processes. Overall, the research provides new insights into the sustainable use of plant resources, supporting waste reduction and the development of high-value products.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/312929
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPA-312929