The impact of abscisic acid (ABA) on DNA damage response (DDR) is still poorly explored, particularly in seeds. Open research questions are related to the contribution of abscisic acid-responsive transcription factors (TFs) to genome maintenance, and how their target genes acting in DNA repair are modulated under desiccation stress, seedling establishment and seed deterioration. In this thesis, ABA-DDR dynamics during germination and in response to desiccation stress were investigated in Medicago truncatula primed (P) and overprimed (OP) seeds before and after desiccation using ATAC-Seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with sequencing) and RNA-Seq. This investigation highlighted differences in terms of chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiles between desiccation tolerant (P) and desiccation sensitive (OP) seeds. Additionally, the integration of the two omic data allowed the identification of transcriptional networks encompassing ABA-responsive TFs and their target genes encoding for DDR and other players in seed repair mechanisms. The crosstalk between ABA and DDR in the transition from seed germination to seedling development was investigated using M. truncatula seeds treated with abamine SG, a known inhibitor of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid 11,12-dioxygenase (NCED), the rate-limiting enzyme in ABA biosynthesis. An experimental system was designed, based on treatments with abamine SG and the radiomimetic chemical zeocin supplied to seeds as single and combined compounds. The key aspect observed was a reduction of the population of aberrant seedlings when both chemicals were combined, compared with the frequency detected with zeocin alone. Similarly, the presence of abamine SG was able to lower 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine) levels. The investigation conducted on this experimental system reported the relevance of HR (Homologous Recombination) and NHEJ (Non-Homologous End Joining) players, as well as the contribution of cyclin encoding genes in the abamine SG-mediated mitigation of genotoxic stress. ABA-DDR dynamics were also investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds of the mutant dog1-5 and dog1-2 lines exposed to controlled deterioration. Based on the reported data, the dog1-5 aged seeds showed reduced sensitivity to deterioration compared to dog1-2 and Col0 (control) aged seeds. 8-OHdG accumulation and changes in the expression patterns of DDR genes and genes involved in ABA-signalling were also assessed in both atdog1 mutant seeds, revealing distinctive patterns. Taken together, these results will contribute to expand the understanding of ABA-DDR interactions at a molecular level, providing new hallmarks of seed quality which can be used to improve the current seed germination enhancements technologies.
L'impatto del fitormone acido abscissico (ABA) sulla risposta al danno al DNA (DDR) risulta poco esplorata, specialmente nei semi. Le questioni irrisolte riguardano il contributo dei fattori di trascrizione (TFs) al mantenimento del genoma e come i loro geni target che agiscono sul riparo del DNA vengano regolati in risposta allo stress da disseccamento, durante la transizione a plantula e nel deterioramento dei semi. In questa tesi, le dinamiche ABA-DDR esistenti durante la germinazione e in risposta allo stress da disseccamento sono state investigate in semi di Medicago truncatula sottoposti a priming (P) e overpriming (OP) prima e dopo il disseccamento utilizzando le tecniche ATAC-Seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with sequencing) e RNA-Seq. Questa analisi ha evidenziato e differenze in termini di accessibilità alla cromatina e nei profili di espressione genica tra semi tolleranti il disseccamento (P) e i semi sensibili al disseccamento (OP). Inoltre, l’integrazione di delle due tecniche ha permesso l’identificazione dei network trascrizionali che coinvolgono i TF sensibili al fitormone ABA ed i rispettivi geni target appartenenti al DDR e ad altri sistemi di riparo del seme. Il cross-talk tra ABA e DDR durante la transizione da seme a piantina è stato investigato in semi di Medicago truncatula sottoposti ad un trattamento con Abamine SG (AbSG), un inibitore dell’enzima 9-cis-epossicarotenoide diossigenasi (NCED), il quale riveste un ruolo chiave nella sintesi di ABA. Un nuovo sistema sperimentale, basato sull’applicazione di AbSG e del composto radiomimetico Zeocina, singolarmente o in modo combinato. Il principale risultato osservato riguarda la riduzione della frequenza di piantine sviluppatesi in modo aberrante in risposta al trattamento combinato rispetto ai singoli trattamenti. Similarmente, la presenza di AbSG è in grado di ridurre l’accumulo di 8-OHdG (8-idrossi-2’-deossiguanosina). Le analisi condotte su questo sistema sperimentale hanno evidenziato la rilevanza dei sistemi di riparo mediante Homologous Recombination e non-Homologous End Joining, oltre al contributo dei geni codificanti cicline nella mitigazione del danno al DNA indotto da Abamine SG. Le dinamiche tra ABA-DDR sono state anche investigate in semi di Arabidopsis thaliana appartenenti alle linee dog1-5 e dog1-2 in risposta a deterioramento controllato. In riferimento ai dati, i semi della linea dog1-5 soggetti ad aging hanno riportato una minore sensibilità al deterioramento rispetto ai semi controllo e dog1-2. L’accumulo di 8-OHdG e I cambi nei profili di espressione dei geni coinvolti nel DDR e nella segnalazione di ABA sono stati analizzati in entrambe le linee, rivelando pattern distinti. In conclusione, questi risultati contribuiscono ad espandere la letteratura riguardante le interazioni tra ABA e DDR a livello molecolare, fornendo nuovi marcatori di qualità del seme spendibili per migliorare i protocolli di tecniche di miglioramento della germinazione.
Investigazione delle interazioni e meccanismi di regolazione tra ABA e DDR nella germinazione
SINCINELLI, FEDERICO
2026
Abstract
The impact of abscisic acid (ABA) on DNA damage response (DDR) is still poorly explored, particularly in seeds. Open research questions are related to the contribution of abscisic acid-responsive transcription factors (TFs) to genome maintenance, and how their target genes acting in DNA repair are modulated under desiccation stress, seedling establishment and seed deterioration. In this thesis, ABA-DDR dynamics during germination and in response to desiccation stress were investigated in Medicago truncatula primed (P) and overprimed (OP) seeds before and after desiccation using ATAC-Seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with sequencing) and RNA-Seq. This investigation highlighted differences in terms of chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiles between desiccation tolerant (P) and desiccation sensitive (OP) seeds. Additionally, the integration of the two omic data allowed the identification of transcriptional networks encompassing ABA-responsive TFs and their target genes encoding for DDR and other players in seed repair mechanisms. The crosstalk between ABA and DDR in the transition from seed germination to seedling development was investigated using M. truncatula seeds treated with abamine SG, a known inhibitor of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid 11,12-dioxygenase (NCED), the rate-limiting enzyme in ABA biosynthesis. An experimental system was designed, based on treatments with abamine SG and the radiomimetic chemical zeocin supplied to seeds as single and combined compounds. The key aspect observed was a reduction of the population of aberrant seedlings when both chemicals were combined, compared with the frequency detected with zeocin alone. Similarly, the presence of abamine SG was able to lower 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine) levels. The investigation conducted on this experimental system reported the relevance of HR (Homologous Recombination) and NHEJ (Non-Homologous End Joining) players, as well as the contribution of cyclin encoding genes in the abamine SG-mediated mitigation of genotoxic stress. ABA-DDR dynamics were also investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds of the mutant dog1-5 and dog1-2 lines exposed to controlled deterioration. Based on the reported data, the dog1-5 aged seeds showed reduced sensitivity to deterioration compared to dog1-2 and Col0 (control) aged seeds. 8-OHdG accumulation and changes in the expression patterns of DDR genes and genes involved in ABA-signalling were also assessed in both atdog1 mutant seeds, revealing distinctive patterns. Taken together, these results will contribute to expand the understanding of ABA-DDR interactions at a molecular level, providing new hallmarks of seed quality which can be used to improve the current seed germination enhancements technologies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/355936
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPV-355936