This doctoral dissertation adopts an interpretivist and constructionist perspective to examine how the juvenile justice institution – observed from the standpoint of social work – contributes to making the figure of the minor who has committed a sexual offence intelligible, describable, and amenable to intervention. The guiding research question can be summarised as follows: how, and through which discursive and organisational practices, does the Palermo USSM (and in particular the EOS Group) construct the figure of the “minor who has committed a sexual offence” and render it assessable and manageable in dialogue with judicial authorities – and with what effects on the interpretation, naturalisation, or invisibilisation of gender and masculinity within treatment pathways? This dissertation employs gender as a specific critical category, with a particular focus on masculinity as a construct and social product rather than an individual attribute, analysing it as a normative background that is often naturalised and therefore left unspoken.Chapter one defines the object of study, the theoretical framework, and the analytical lexicon, specifying the constructionist stance and the need to observe juvenile sexual offending as the (socio-legal) outcome of definitional, organisational, and discursive processes. Chapter two reconstructs the historical-institutional context of the Italian juvenile justice system and recent legislative changes that shape the timing, constraints, and language of intervention, showing how service work interfaces not only with the minor who has committed a sexual offence, but also with a complex system that requires the service to fulfil tasks attributable both to educational aims and to control imperatives. Chapter three sets out the research design, field access, and methodological strategy. Specifically, the documentary corpus consists of 99 psychosocial reports referring to 23 cases of sexual abuse and, in addition, 11 semi-structured interviews administered to practitioners of the EOS Group within the Palermo USSM. On the basis of these tools and materials – and by using a mixed-methods research approach – it is possible to observe how formal and informal languages performatively contribute to the construction and representation of minors who have committed sexual offences, as well as of professional practice itself. The analysis integrates qualitative reading with quali-quantitative textual analysis tools (T-LAB Plus 2021), thereby making visible both the interpretive categories and practical logics of professionals and the semantic modalities and recurring structures of evaluative writing . In chapter four, the analysis of the interviews reconstructs the professional frames underlying case management (responsibilisation, collaboration, denial, risk management, the role of the family), while also highlighting a fundamental point: despite an almost entirely male population, masculinity tends to remain in the background as an unexamined obviousness, resurfacing mainly in indirect form, in exceptional cases (such as offences committed by males against males, or by females), but never with reference to the sexual offence committed by a male minor against minors of female gender. In chapter five, the analysis of the reports using T-LAB shows in particular the centrality of the managerial and evaluative dimension of cases, in which categories function as moralised criteria for access to opportunities, measures, and institutional recognition. Within this framework, gender often operates through subtraction: the feminine is more readily nameable, whereas the masculine tends to coincide with what is left unsaid, contributing to the depoliticisation of power dynamics and treating masculinity as natural rather than as a social construction.In conclusion, the dissertation argues that the institutional treatment of juvenile sexual offending is not merely a set of techniques, but a discursive-organisational dispositif that produces social realities by defining subjects, establishing expectations of change, normalising certain readings of risk, while simultaneously rendering other dimensions – among them masculinity – scarcely visible, if not invisible. The main aim of this work is to bring to light, through a mixed methodology, the grammar and implicit internal management practices through which social work constructs the case, and to show how the invisibility of male gender is not simply an accidental omission, but a structural effect of naturalisation that shapes practices and their outcomes.
La presente tesi dottorale analizza, in prospettiva interpretativista e costruzionista, come l’istituzione della giustizia minorile – osservata dal punto di vista del servizio sociale – contribuisca a rendere comprensibile, descrivibile e oggetto di intervento la figura del minore autore di reato sessuale. La domanda di ricerca che muove il lavoro è sintetizzabile come segue: come e attraverso quali pratiche discorsive e organizzative, l’USSM di Palermo (e in particolare il Gruppo EOS) costruisce la figura del “minore autore di reato sessuale” e la rende valutabile e gestibile nel dialogo con l’autorità giudiziaria, e con quali effetti sull’interpretazione, naturalizzazione, o invisibilizzazione del genere e della maschilità nei percorsi di trattamento? Il presente lavoro di tesi si avvale del genere come specifica categoria critica, con un focus specifico sulla maschilità come costrutto e prodotto sociale piuttosto che come attributo individuale, analizzandolo come sfondo normativo spesso naturalizzato e per questo non detto.Nel primo capitolo vengono definiti oggetto, cornice teorica e lessico analitico, precisando la scelta costruzionista e la necessità di osservare il sex offending minorile come esito (socio-giuridico) di processi definitori, organizzativi e discorsivi. Nel secondo capitolo la ricerca ricostruisce il contesto storico-istituzionale della giustizia minorile italiana e delle trasformazioni normative recenti che incidono su tempi, vincoli e linguaggi dell’intervento, mostrando come il lavoro dei servizi si interfacci non soltanto con il minore autore di reato sessuale, ma con un complesso sistema che richiede da parte del servizio l’assolvimento di compiti riconducibili alle istanze sia educative che di controllo. Il terzo capitolo esplicita disegno, accesso al campo e strategia metodologica del lavoro di ricerca. In particolare, la fonte documentale utilizzata è composta da 99 relazioni psicosociali riferite a 23 casi di abuso sessuale e, inoltre, da 11 interviste semistrutturate somministrate a operatrici e operatori del gruppo EOS dell’USSM di Palermo. A partire da tali strumenti e contenuti – e utilizzando una metodologia di ricerca mixed methods – è possibile osservare come i linguaggi rispettivamente formali e informali concorrano in modo performativo alla costruzione e rappresentazione dei minori autori di reato sessuale e della pratica professionale in sé. L’analisi integra lettura qualitativa e strumenti di analisi testuale quali-quantitativa (T-LAB Plus 2021), così da rendere osservabili sia le categorie interpretative e le logiche pratiche dei e delle professionisti/e, sia le modalità semantiche e le strutture ricorrenti della scrittura valutativa. Nel quarto capitolo l’analisi delle interviste ricostruisce le cornici professionali alla base della presa in carico (responsabilizzazione, collaborazione, negazione, gestione del rischio, ruolo della famiglia), evidenziando al contempo un aspetto fondamentale: nonostaante una popolazione quasi interamente maschile, la maschilità tende a restare sullo sfondo come ovvietà non problematizzata, ed emerge soprattutto in forma indiretta, nella eccezionalità (come nel caso di reati agiti da maschi su maschi, o da femmine), ma mai in riferimento al reato sessuale compiuto dal minore maschio nei confronti di minori di genere femminile. Nel quinto capitolo l’analisi delle relazioni con T-LAB mostra in particolare la centralità della dimensione gestionale e valutativa dei casi, in cui categorie semantiche specifiche funzionano come criteri moralizzati di accesso a opportunità, misure e riconoscimenti istituzionali. In questo quadro, il genere opera spesso per sottrazione: il femminile è più facilmente nominabile, mentre il maschile tende a coincidere con il non detto, contribuendo a depoliticizzare le dinamiche di potere e a trattare la maschilità come naturale piuttosto che come costruzione sociale.In conclusione, la tesi sostiene che il trattamento istituzionale del sex offending minorile non è soltanto un insieme di tecniche, ma un dispositivo discorsivo-organizzativo che produce realtà sociali definendo soggetti, stabilendo aspettative di cambiamento, normalizzando alcune letture del rischio ma rendendo contemporaneamente poco visibili – se non invisibili – altre dimensioni, tra cui la maschilità. L’obiettivo principale del presente lavoro si traduce nella messa in luce, attraverso una metodologia mista, della grammatica, delle modalità di gestione implicite interne, con cui il servizio sociale costruisce il caso e nel mostrare come l’invisibilità del genere maschile non sia semplicemente una mancanza casuale, ma un effetto strutturale di naturalizzazione che incide sulle pratiche e sui loro esiti.
Maschi invisibili. I giovani sex offenders in carico presso l’USSM di Palermo nelle rappresentazioni del servizio
CALDARERA, Riccardo
2026
Abstract
This doctoral dissertation adopts an interpretivist and constructionist perspective to examine how the juvenile justice institution – observed from the standpoint of social work – contributes to making the figure of the minor who has committed a sexual offence intelligible, describable, and amenable to intervention. The guiding research question can be summarised as follows: how, and through which discursive and organisational practices, does the Palermo USSM (and in particular the EOS Group) construct the figure of the “minor who has committed a sexual offence” and render it assessable and manageable in dialogue with judicial authorities – and with what effects on the interpretation, naturalisation, or invisibilisation of gender and masculinity within treatment pathways? This dissertation employs gender as a specific critical category, with a particular focus on masculinity as a construct and social product rather than an individual attribute, analysing it as a normative background that is often naturalised and therefore left unspoken.Chapter one defines the object of study, the theoretical framework, and the analytical lexicon, specifying the constructionist stance and the need to observe juvenile sexual offending as the (socio-legal) outcome of definitional, organisational, and discursive processes. Chapter two reconstructs the historical-institutional context of the Italian juvenile justice system and recent legislative changes that shape the timing, constraints, and language of intervention, showing how service work interfaces not only with the minor who has committed a sexual offence, but also with a complex system that requires the service to fulfil tasks attributable both to educational aims and to control imperatives. Chapter three sets out the research design, field access, and methodological strategy. Specifically, the documentary corpus consists of 99 psychosocial reports referring to 23 cases of sexual abuse and, in addition, 11 semi-structured interviews administered to practitioners of the EOS Group within the Palermo USSM. On the basis of these tools and materials – and by using a mixed-methods research approach – it is possible to observe how formal and informal languages performatively contribute to the construction and representation of minors who have committed sexual offences, as well as of professional practice itself. The analysis integrates qualitative reading with quali-quantitative textual analysis tools (T-LAB Plus 2021), thereby making visible both the interpretive categories and practical logics of professionals and the semantic modalities and recurring structures of evaluative writing . In chapter four, the analysis of the interviews reconstructs the professional frames underlying case management (responsibilisation, collaboration, denial, risk management, the role of the family), while also highlighting a fundamental point: despite an almost entirely male population, masculinity tends to remain in the background as an unexamined obviousness, resurfacing mainly in indirect form, in exceptional cases (such as offences committed by males against males, or by females), but never with reference to the sexual offence committed by a male minor against minors of female gender. In chapter five, the analysis of the reports using T-LAB shows in particular the centrality of the managerial and evaluative dimension of cases, in which categories function as moralised criteria for access to opportunities, measures, and institutional recognition. Within this framework, gender often operates through subtraction: the feminine is more readily nameable, whereas the masculine tends to coincide with what is left unsaid, contributing to the depoliticisation of power dynamics and treating masculinity as natural rather than as a social construction.In conclusion, the dissertation argues that the institutional treatment of juvenile sexual offending is not merely a set of techniques, but a discursive-organisational dispositif that produces social realities by defining subjects, establishing expectations of change, normalising certain readings of risk, while simultaneously rendering other dimensions – among them masculinity – scarcely visible, if not invisible. The main aim of this work is to bring to light, through a mixed methodology, the grammar and implicit internal management practices through which social work constructs the case, and to show how the invisibility of male gender is not simply an accidental omission, but a structural effect of naturalisation that shapes practices and their outcomes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/355950
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPA-355950