Gender inequalities are recognized as one of the most complex social challenges, influencing formal structures, public policies, cultural norms, and symbolic systems of value. The Italian Third Sector—comprising organizations committed to inclusion and social justice—offers a distinctive field of study: despite their declared mission to promote equity, significant gender asymmetries persist, particularly in access to leadership positions. This thesis examines how gender is represented and negotiated within the Third Sector, employing Social Representations Theory (Moscovici, 1984) as its analytical framework. The research, conducted between 2023 and 2025 within the FQTS (Third Sector Leadership Training) program, integrates participatory forums and in-depth interviews with organizational leaders and executives. The findings reveal a dualistic landscape: while stereotypes and structural constraints persist, transformative perspectives also emerge, especially among women and younger participants, oriented toward intersectionality and innovative organizational practices. The thesis’s innovative contribution lies in the development of Gender Equality Plans (GEPs) tailored to Third Sector organizations. These tools address both normative and practical gaps, aligning organizational structures with their declared missions of justice and inclusion. The study demonstrates that gender equality is not only a matter of internal fairness, but also an essential condition for democracy, legitimacy and the credibility of social and organizational life.
Le disuguaglianze di genere si identificano come una delle sfide sociali più complesse, influenzando strutture formali, politiche pubbliche, norme culturali e sistemi simbolici. Il Terzo Settore italiano—composto da organizzazioni impegnate nell'inclusione e nella giustizia sociale—offre un terreno unico: nonostante la missione dichiarata di promuovere equità, permangono significative asimmetrie di genere, soprattutto nell’accesso alla leadership. Questa tesi analizza come il genere sia rappresentato e negoziato nel Terzo Settore, utilizzando la Teoria delle Rappresentazioni Sociali (Moscovici, 1984). La ricerca, condotta tra il 2023 e il 2025 nell’ambito del programma FQTS (Formazione Quadri Terzo Settore), integra forum partecipativi e interviste qualitative con leader e dirigenti di organizzazioni. I risultati evidenziano un quadro dualistico: persistono stereotipi e vincoli strutturali, ma emergono prospettive trasformative, soprattutto tra donne e partecipanti più giovani, orientate all’intersezionalità e a pratiche organizzative innovative. Il contributo innovativo della tesi è lo sviluppo di Piani per l’Uguaglianza di Genere (GEP) adattati al Terzo Settore, strumenti che colmano lacune normative e pratiche e allineano le strutture organizzative alle missioni dichiarate di giustizia e inclusione. La ricerca dimostra che l’uguaglianza di genere non è solo una questione di equità interna, ma una condizione essenziale per la democrazia, la legittimità e la credibilità della vita sociale ed organizzativa.
Invisible leaders, visible gaps: social representations and gender disparities in Italy’s third sector
ANTINELLI, GAIA
2026
Abstract
Gender inequalities are recognized as one of the most complex social challenges, influencing formal structures, public policies, cultural norms, and symbolic systems of value. The Italian Third Sector—comprising organizations committed to inclusion and social justice—offers a distinctive field of study: despite their declared mission to promote equity, significant gender asymmetries persist, particularly in access to leadership positions. This thesis examines how gender is represented and negotiated within the Third Sector, employing Social Representations Theory (Moscovici, 1984) as its analytical framework. The research, conducted between 2023 and 2025 within the FQTS (Third Sector Leadership Training) program, integrates participatory forums and in-depth interviews with organizational leaders and executives. The findings reveal a dualistic landscape: while stereotypes and structural constraints persist, transformative perspectives also emerge, especially among women and younger participants, oriented toward intersectionality and innovative organizational practices. The thesis’s innovative contribution lies in the development of Gender Equality Plans (GEPs) tailored to Third Sector organizations. These tools address both normative and practical gaps, aligning organizational structures with their declared missions of justice and inclusion. The study demonstrates that gender equality is not only a matter of internal fairness, but also an essential condition for democracy, legitimacy and the credibility of social and organizational life.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/357559
URN:NBN:IT:UNIROMA1-357559