The present dissertation aims to examine the European lis pendens in civil and commercial disputes as governed by the Brussels I-bis Regulation. In order to provide a deeper understanding of the legal framework in which the lis pendens rule operate, the study begins by tracing the development of European procedural law, starting with the founding treaties of the European Community and the European Union. A more detailed analysis of the specific procedural matters follows outlining the historical evolution that led to the 1968 Brussels Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments, its subsequent recast in the Brussels I Regulation (Regulation No. 44/2001), and its further recast in the Brussels I-bis Regulation (Regulation No. 1215/2012). The evolution of the provision on lis pendens is then examined, with a focus on the changes introduced in the transition from the Brussels Convention to the Brussels I-bis Regulation. With the regulatory framework thus established, the dissertation proceeds to the specific analysis of lis pendens rule. It begins by addressing the issue of the autonomous nature of the rule. Then it addresses the subjective and objective prerequisites of the lis pendens. In light of the fact that, within the European legal system, the Court of Justice holds exclusive authority to interpret European regulations on procedural matters pursuant to Articles 81 and 267 TFEU, with binding effect on the courts of the Member States, it was imperative to study the case law of the Court of Justice in order to construe the prerequisites of this legal concept. Therefore, the study examines the leading judgments of the Court of Justice on lis pendens (including the paramount decisions Gubish/Palumbo, Tatry/Maciej Rataj, Drouot Assurances), through which the CJEU developed its theory for identifying claims, the so-called Kernpunkttheorie. The first chapter concludes with some critical observations on the Court of Justice definitions of “same parties, same cause of action and same subject matter”. The second chapter focuses on the dynamic aspects of the institution, starting with priority rule, which is compared to common law doctrine of forum non conveniens. It then explores the cases of exception to the priority rule in the application of lis pendens i.e. exclusive jurisdiction by law and exclusive jurisdiction agreements. The analysis of the legal framework continues with regard to the regime governing the lis pendens exception, including the declarations mechanism and means of appeal (as well as the ways for appealing the decision granted in violation of the rule on lis pendens). Finally, the rules on lis pendens and connection with regard to proceedings initiated in States not encompassed in the Europe Union were briefly considered. Finally, the third chapter explores the relationship between lis pendens and related legal concepts, such as the identification of claims, the res judicata and objective joinder. Particular attention was paid to the issue of the effectiveness of ascertaining the key element in identifying claims for the purposes of lis pendens, the so-called Kernpunkt. The study of lis pendens rule is complemented by the analysis of the provision on related actions, which, in the European case law is considered to be subsidiary to the lis pendens, thus applicable in cases in which lis pendens cannot be invoked. The concept of related actions, as regulated in the Brussels I-bis Regulation, is therefore also analysed in parallel with lis pendens. In conclude, this dissertation proposes an alternative definition of the lis pendens rule that differs from the one established by the Court of Justice, the definition here propose is aims to clarify the distinction between lis pendens and related actions, thus drawing clearer boundaries between these two legal concepts.
Questa tesi si propone di indagare il tema della litispendenza europea nelle controversie in materia civile e commerciale come disciplinate nel regolamento Bruxelles I-bis. Al fine di meglio comprendere il sistema in cui la norma sulla litispendenza si cala si è proceduto ad effettuare innanzitutto una ricostruzione del percorso di formazione del diritto processuale europeo, a partire dai trattati costitutivi della stessa Comunità Europea prima e dell’Unione europea poi. Addentrandosi più nello specifico della materia processuale si è ricostruito il percorso che ha portato all’adozione della convenzione di Bruxelles del 1968 sulla competenza giurisdizionale ed esecuzione delle sentenze e alla rifusione della stessa nel regolamento Bruxelles I (reg. n. 44/2001) e di questi a sua volta nel regolamento Bruxelles I-bis (reg. n. 1215/2012). Si è poi analizzata l’evoluzione della lettera della norma evidenziando le differenze apportate nel passaggio dalla convenzione di Bruxelles al regolamento Bruxelles I-bis. Inquadrato così il piano normativo di riferimento, si è passati all’analisi specifica della norma sulla litispendenza, a partire dalla discussione relativamente alla sua natura di norma autonoma per seguire poi con la definizione dei singoli presupposti soggettivi e oggettivi dell’istituto. Visto che nell’ambito dell’ordinamento europeo la competenza ad interpretare, con efficacia vincolante per i giudici degli Stati membri, i regolamenti europei in materia processuale ex artt. 81 e 267 TFUE è stata conferita alla Corte di Giustizia, imprescindibile è risultata nella ricostruzione dei presupposti della nozione di litispendenza lo studio della giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia. Pertanto, si è proceduto ad una disamina delle principali pronunce in tema di litispendenza attraverso le quali è stata costruita la teoria relativa all’individuazione della domanda oggi adottata dalla Corte di Giustizia, ossia la c.d. Kernpunkttheorie, (tra cui le note Gubish/Palumbo, Tatry/Maciej Rataj, Drouot Assurances). In chiusura del primo capitolo sono state effettuate alcune considerazioni critiche sui risultati cui è approdata la Corte di Giustizia nella definizione di «medesime parti, medesimo titolo e medesimo oggetto». Nel secondo capitolo ci si è dedicati, invece, ai profili dinamici dell’istituto, a partire dal criterio della prevenienza, il quale viene confrontato al modello alternativo tipico degli ordinamenti di common law, la c.d. dottrina del forum non conveniens. Successivamente sono state analizzate le fattispecie di deroga al criterio di prevenienza nell’applicazione della litispendenza, ossia i casi di giurisdizione esclusiva ex lege e di giurisdizione esclusiva su proroga delle parti, continuando quindi con lo studio del regime di rilievo dell’eccezione di litispendenza, le modalità con le quali questa va dichiarata ed il regime delle impugnazioni del provvedimento che la dichiara (oltre che il meccanismo di impugnazione del provvedimento che decide in violazione della norma sulla litispendenza). Infine, sono state considerate brevemente le norme sulla litispendenza e connessione extraeuropee. Nel terzo capitolo si è approfondito, infine, il rapporto tra la litispendenza e gli istituti affini, quali l’identificazione delle azioni, il giudicato ed il cumulo oggettivo. È stato in particolar modo considerato il tema dell’efficacia di accertamento sull’elemento chiave nell’identificazione delle domande ai fini della litispendenza, il c.d. Kernpunkt. Nella ricostruzione della litispendenza non si è potuto prescindere dal confronto con l’istituto della connessione, ritenuto a livello di giurisprudenza europea come sussidiario per i casi in cui non possa trovare applicazione la litispendenza. Anche la connessione, come disciplinata nel regolamento Bruxelles I-bis, pertanto, è stata analizzata parallelamente alla litispendenza. Infine, si è proposta una definizione di litispendenza diversa da quella di cui alla giurisprudenza europea finalizzata a delineare dei confini maggiormente nitidi tra litispendenza e connessione.
LITISPENDENZA E CONNESSIONE NEL REGOLAMENTO BRUXELLES I-BIS
GANEA, DIANA RAMONA
2026
Abstract
The present dissertation aims to examine the European lis pendens in civil and commercial disputes as governed by the Brussels I-bis Regulation. In order to provide a deeper understanding of the legal framework in which the lis pendens rule operate, the study begins by tracing the development of European procedural law, starting with the founding treaties of the European Community and the European Union. A more detailed analysis of the specific procedural matters follows outlining the historical evolution that led to the 1968 Brussels Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments, its subsequent recast in the Brussels I Regulation (Regulation No. 44/2001), and its further recast in the Brussels I-bis Regulation (Regulation No. 1215/2012). The evolution of the provision on lis pendens is then examined, with a focus on the changes introduced in the transition from the Brussels Convention to the Brussels I-bis Regulation. With the regulatory framework thus established, the dissertation proceeds to the specific analysis of lis pendens rule. It begins by addressing the issue of the autonomous nature of the rule. Then it addresses the subjective and objective prerequisites of the lis pendens. In light of the fact that, within the European legal system, the Court of Justice holds exclusive authority to interpret European regulations on procedural matters pursuant to Articles 81 and 267 TFEU, with binding effect on the courts of the Member States, it was imperative to study the case law of the Court of Justice in order to construe the prerequisites of this legal concept. Therefore, the study examines the leading judgments of the Court of Justice on lis pendens (including the paramount decisions Gubish/Palumbo, Tatry/Maciej Rataj, Drouot Assurances), through which the CJEU developed its theory for identifying claims, the so-called Kernpunkttheorie. The first chapter concludes with some critical observations on the Court of Justice definitions of “same parties, same cause of action and same subject matter”. The second chapter focuses on the dynamic aspects of the institution, starting with priority rule, which is compared to common law doctrine of forum non conveniens. It then explores the cases of exception to the priority rule in the application of lis pendens i.e. exclusive jurisdiction by law and exclusive jurisdiction agreements. The analysis of the legal framework continues with regard to the regime governing the lis pendens exception, including the declarations mechanism and means of appeal (as well as the ways for appealing the decision granted in violation of the rule on lis pendens). Finally, the rules on lis pendens and connection with regard to proceedings initiated in States not encompassed in the Europe Union were briefly considered. Finally, the third chapter explores the relationship between lis pendens and related legal concepts, such as the identification of claims, the res judicata and objective joinder. Particular attention was paid to the issue of the effectiveness of ascertaining the key element in identifying claims for the purposes of lis pendens, the so-called Kernpunkt. The study of lis pendens rule is complemented by the analysis of the provision on related actions, which, in the European case law is considered to be subsidiary to the lis pendens, thus applicable in cases in which lis pendens cannot be invoked. The concept of related actions, as regulated in the Brussels I-bis Regulation, is therefore also analysed in parallel with lis pendens. In conclude, this dissertation proposes an alternative definition of the lis pendens rule that differs from the one established by the Court of Justice, the definition here propose is aims to clarify the distinction between lis pendens and related actions, thus drawing clearer boundaries between these two legal concepts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/358286
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMI-358286