This thesis investigates how excitonic couplings and electron–hole correlations govern optical, photochemical, and transport phenomena in hybrid and semiconductor nanostructures. By adopting a unified excitonic framework, the present study bridges three representative platforms (chromophore–quantum dot nanohybrids, photoswitch–quantum dot nanohybrids, and coupled quantum wells driven by surface acoustic waves) demonstrating how excitonic correlations manifest across distinct physical systems. A central focus is the accurate description of excitonic hybridization in assemblies of a chromophore and a quantum dot. To this end, the Hybrid Configuration Interaction (HyCI) framework is applied at its full theoretical scope for the first time through the explicit construction and diagonalization of the complete hybrid Hamiltonian. For a prototypical porphine–gallium nitride quantum dot nanohybrid, the results reveal the emergence of hybrid excitons characterized by avoided crossings in the excitation spectrum, accompanied by an exchange of molecular and nanoparticle character. The associated energy splittings are shown to be highly tunable with respect to quantum dot size, molecular orientation, and inter-fragment separation, and to follow clear scaling laws dominated by dipolar near-field interactions, with deviations arising from higher-order multipolar contributions involving optically dark quantum-dot states. The thesis further identifies a previously unexplored, cavity-free mechanism for controlling photoisomerization in photoswitch–quantum dot nanohybrids. Applying HyCI for an azobenzene–cadmium selenide quantum dot system, intrinsic excitonic coupling is shown to induce avoided crossings on the excited-state potential energy surfaces along the photoisomerization coordinate. These crossings give rise to energy splittings of a few meV and to a redistribution of oscillator strength between molecular and quantum-dot excitations. The magnitude of these effects is tunable via material and geometric parameters and operates on electronic timescales compatible with the intrinsic photoisomerization process. Finally, the correlated two-body description of surface-acoustic-wave-driven transport of spatially indirect excitons in coupled quantum wells is extended to include localized screened impurity potentials, enabling the investigation of more realistic device scenarios. The results reveal correlation-driven transport regimes and pronounced asymmetries in exciton transmission beyond the reach of mean-field models. Overall, this work establishes correlated excitons as the unifying physical principle underlying hybridization, photochemical control, and transport in hybrid and semiconductor nanostructures, and provides a robust theoretical foundation for the rational design of excitonic functionality
Questa tesi analizza come le interazioni eccitoniche e le correlazioni tra elettroni e lacune influenzino i processi ottici, fotochimici e di trasporto in nanostrutture ibride e semiconduttori. Attraverso un approccio eccitonico unificato, il lavoro mette in relazione tre sistemi rappresentativi — nanohybrid cromoforo–quantum dot, nanohybrid fotoswitch–quantum dot e pozzi quantici accoppiati guidati da onde acustiche superficiali — evidenziando il ruolo comune delle correlazioni eccitoniche in contesti fisici differenti. Una parte centrale dello studio è dedicata alla descrizione dell’ibridizzazione eccitonica in sistemi costituiti da una molecola e un quantum dot. A tal fine viene impiegato il formalismo Hybrid Configuration Interaction (HyCI), applicato per la prima volta nella sua formulazione completa mediante la costruzione esplicita dell’Hamiltoniana ibrida. Nel caso di un nanohybrid porfina–nitruro di gallio, emergono stati eccitonici ibridi caratterizzati da crossing evitati nello spettro di eccitazione, associati a un progressivo scambio di carattere tra componente molecolare e nanoparticellare. Gli splitting energetici risultano fortemente modulabili tramite parametri geometrici e materiali, come la dimensione del quantum dot, l’orientazione molecolare e la distanza tra i frammenti, e seguono leggi di scala dominate da interazioni dipolari di campo vicino, con contributi aggiuntivi dovuti a termini multipolari di ordine superiore e a stati otticamente scuri del quantum dot. La tesi individua inoltre un meccanismo inedito, privo di cavità ottica, per il controllo della fotoisomerizzazione in nanohybrid fotoswitch–quantum dot. Nel sistema azobenzene–seleniuro di cadmio, l’accoppiamento eccitonico intrinseco induce crossing evitati sulle superfici di energia potenziale degli stati eccitati lungo la coordinata di reazione. Questi effetti portano a splitting energetici dell’ordine di pochi meV e a una ridistribuzione dell’intensità di transizione tra eccitazioni molecolari e del quantum dot. L’entità del fenomeno è regolabile attraverso parametri strutturali e materiali e si manifesta su scale temporali elettroniche compatibili con il processo di fotoisomerizzazione. Infine, lo studio del trasporto di eccitoni indiretti spazialmente in pozzi quantici accoppiati, guidati da onde acustiche superficiali, viene esteso includendo impurità elettrostatiche schermate e localizzate. Questo permette di analizzare scenari più realistici per dispositivi, rivelando regimi di trasporto dominati dalle correlazioni e marcate asimmetrie nella trasmissione eccitonica che non emergono in trattamenti di tipo mean-field. Nel loro insieme, i risultati mostrano come gli eccitoni correlati costituiscano l’elemento unificante alla base dei fenomeni di ibridizzazione, controllo fotochimico e trasporto in nanostrutture ibride e semiconduttori, fornendo un quadro teorico solido per la progettazione di nuove funzionalità eccitoniche.
Modellazione di eccitoni correlati in nanostrutture ibride e semiconduttrici
LOPEZ DIAZ, DANIEL
2026
Abstract
This thesis investigates how excitonic couplings and electron–hole correlations govern optical, photochemical, and transport phenomena in hybrid and semiconductor nanostructures. By adopting a unified excitonic framework, the present study bridges three representative platforms (chromophore–quantum dot nanohybrids, photoswitch–quantum dot nanohybrids, and coupled quantum wells driven by surface acoustic waves) demonstrating how excitonic correlations manifest across distinct physical systems. A central focus is the accurate description of excitonic hybridization in assemblies of a chromophore and a quantum dot. To this end, the Hybrid Configuration Interaction (HyCI) framework is applied at its full theoretical scope for the first time through the explicit construction and diagonalization of the complete hybrid Hamiltonian. For a prototypical porphine–gallium nitride quantum dot nanohybrid, the results reveal the emergence of hybrid excitons characterized by avoided crossings in the excitation spectrum, accompanied by an exchange of molecular and nanoparticle character. The associated energy splittings are shown to be highly tunable with respect to quantum dot size, molecular orientation, and inter-fragment separation, and to follow clear scaling laws dominated by dipolar near-field interactions, with deviations arising from higher-order multipolar contributions involving optically dark quantum-dot states. The thesis further identifies a previously unexplored, cavity-free mechanism for controlling photoisomerization in photoswitch–quantum dot nanohybrids. Applying HyCI for an azobenzene–cadmium selenide quantum dot system, intrinsic excitonic coupling is shown to induce avoided crossings on the excited-state potential energy surfaces along the photoisomerization coordinate. These crossings give rise to energy splittings of a few meV and to a redistribution of oscillator strength between molecular and quantum-dot excitations. The magnitude of these effects is tunable via material and geometric parameters and operates on electronic timescales compatible with the intrinsic photoisomerization process. Finally, the correlated two-body description of surface-acoustic-wave-driven transport of spatially indirect excitons in coupled quantum wells is extended to include localized screened impurity potentials, enabling the investigation of more realistic device scenarios. The results reveal correlation-driven transport regimes and pronounced asymmetries in exciton transmission beyond the reach of mean-field models. Overall, this work establishes correlated excitons as the unifying physical principle underlying hybridization, photochemical control, and transport in hybrid and semiconductor nanostructures, and provides a robust theoretical foundation for the rational design of excitonic functionality| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/358388
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMORE-358388