Archaeology today is the architecture of the past. Since ancient times, cities have rested upon the land, interpreting geography and developing a constructive and technical knowledge directly related to the morphology of places. By adapting each time to territories with different characteristics, built forms have always expressed settlement patterns that directly reflected their relationship with the landscape. These relationships, which historically contributed to the ordering and measurement of the territory in various ways, still retain a primary value in the interpretative observation of the structural phenomena of territories and cities. In this sense, the critical reading of the compositional and formal principles derived from the ancient city can be understood as a cognitive and methodological design process –one that recognizes ancient archetypes in order to reinterpret them through a new contemporary lens. This perspective conceives the study and reading of the territory as a stratified system, composed of reciprocal relationships among elements –often heterogeneous– where geography and infrastructure act as primary conditions that have guided the birth and development of the most varied anthropic forms and land uses, thus shaping a landscape of strong identity. Ancient settlements, as structuring components of that landscape, although today they have lost their “narrative” value –due to their fragmentation and isolation within the territory– nonetheless represent a spatial and formal framework that allows us to read and interpret the configuration of the territory as the outcome of relationships between anthropic and natural forms, through compositional logics that have determined its configuration. From this standpoint, the research adopts a typological and relational approach to investigate the forms of archaeology as they relate to the forms of the land, recognizing archaeology as a key interpretative lens for understanding the entire Apulian landscape –the logics that have inscribed themselves upon the land and shaped its current configurations. It offers a reflection on the value that archaeological heritage may assume in contemporaneity, through the reinterpretation of ancient principles within project for archaeology, following a methodological process of decomposition and recomposition that reveals the specific settlement characters of each territory. In a perspective that shifts the focus from a historicist vision to an architectural and compositional approach, the ancient city emerges in this work as a device of knowledge –both archaeological and architectural– in which the relationships between morphology, structure, and built forms reveal an ordering principle comparable in value to that of contemporary cities. This objective expands toward a broader, territorial scale, emphasizing the idea of integration understood as the creation of a territorial network capable of overcoming the fragmented view of individual sites, moving instead toward a relational vision of heritage among the various sites composing the Apulian archaeological landscape. Within this context, ancient routes assume a central role as primary infrastructural forms that have shaped the relationships between settlements and territory since antiquity. The research ultimately aims to propose a new critical method for reading landscapes, particularly the ancient city, by recognizing its ordering principles and identifying the relational structure not only among its parts but also with the place in which it is situated and with its broader context. Within this framework, the study introduces a new definition of the Network System of Archaeological Areas, which expresses –through the articulation of relationships among diverse parts– the nature and identity of archaeological places. Specifically, it advances a narrative intended as an act of re-signification, as a recognition of the value that ancient cities hold within a complex territorial structure, shaping settlement models. The internal relational structure found in each model makes it possible to identify points of tension that can be interpreted as potential project nodes, defining design directions and actions that foster a more attentive formal and spatial reading, an innovative compositional approach that opens new reflections on archaeology as an opportunity for critical engagement with architectural design.
L’archeologia di oggi è l’architettura del passato. Sin dai tempi più antichi, le città si sono poggiate sulla terra, interpretando la geografia e sviluppando una sapienza costruttiva e tecnica legata direttamente alla morfologia dei luoghi. Adattandosi ogni volta a un territorio con particolarità diverse, le forme costruite hanno sempre espresso modalità insediative che rispecchiavano in modo diretto tali rapporti con il paesaggio. Questi rapporti, che hanno contribuito all’ordinamento e alla misurazione del territorio in modi diversi, conservano ancora oggi una valenza primaria nell’osservazione interpretativa dei fenomeni strutturali dei territori e delle città. In tal senso, la lettura critica dei principi compositivi e formali che derivano dalla città antica può essere assunta come processo conoscitivo e metodologico di progetto, che riconosce gli archetipi antichi per reinterpretarli in chiave contemporanea. Tale prospettiva assume lo studio e la lettura del territorio come un sistema stratificato, fatto di reciprochi rapporti tra elementi –spesso eterogenei–, in cui la geografia e l’infrastruttura fungono da condizioni primarie che hanno orientato la nascita e lo sviluppo delle più variate forme antropiche e degli usi del suolo, delineando così un paesaggio con un carattere fortemente identitario. Gli insediamenti antichi, parte strutturante di quel paesaggio, seppur oggi hanno perso il loro valore ‘narrante’ –dovuto alla frammentarietà e l’isolamento nel territorio–, rappresentano una struttura spaziale e formale che consente di leggere e di interpretare l’assetto del territorio come esito di relazioni tra forme antropiche e forme naturali, attraverso logiche compositive che ne hanno determinato la configurazione. Assumendo questa lettura, la ricerca si avvale dell’approccio tipologico e relazionale per indagare le forme dell’archeologia legate alla forma della terra, riconoscendo particolarmente nell’archeologia una chiave di lettura dell’intero paesaggio pugliese, delle logiche che hanno inciso sulla terra e che hanno configurato le forme del paesaggio attuali. Una riflessione sul valore che il patrimonio archeologico può assumere nella contemporaneità, attraverso la reinterpretazione dei principi antichi nel progetto per l’archeologia, seguendo un processo metodologico di scomposizione-ricomposizione che faccia emergere i caratteri insediativi particolari di ogni territorio. In una prospettiva che sposta lo sguardo dalla visione storicista verso un approccio architettonico e compositivo, la città antica si presenta in questo lavoro come dispositivo di conoscenza, archeologica-architettonica, in cui le relazioni tra morfologia, struttura e forme costruite rendono visibile un principio ordinatore che assume valenza pari a quella delle città contemporanee. Tale obiettivo si arricchisce con una visione di ampia scala, quella territoriale, che pone l’attenzione sull’idea dell’integrazione, intesa come la creazione di una rete territoriale, capace di superare la visione del frammento, del singolo sito in sé stesso, verso una visione relazionale del patrimonio tra i diversi siti che compongono il paesaggio archeologico della Puglia. In questo contesto, le vie antiche assumono un ruolo centrale in quanto forme infrastrutturali primarie che hanno segnato i rapporti tra insediamenti e territorio sin dall’antichità. L’auspicio della ricerca è quello di proporre un nuovo metodo di lettura critica dei paesaggi, in particolare della città antica, riconoscendo i suoi principi ordinatori e identificando la struttura relazionale non solo tra le parti, ma anche con il luogo in cui si colloca, con il suo contesto. In questa prospettiva si inquadra la proposizione di una nuova definizione di Sistema Reticolare delle Aree Archeologiche che esprima, attraverso l’atto di esplicitare il rapporto tra le diverse parti, la natura e l’identità dei luoghi dell’archeologia. In particolare, una narrazione intesa come atto di risignificazione, come riconoscimento del valore che le città antiche hanno all’interno di una struttura territoriale complessa, configurando modelli insediativi. La struttura relazionale interna ritrovata in ogni modello consente di identificare punti di tensione che possono essere declinati come i luoghi di progetto, individuando indirizzi progettuali e azioni che possano favorire una più attenta lettura formale e spaziale, un approccio compositivo innovativo che consenta di avviare nuove riflessioni sull’archeologia come opportunità di riflessione sul progetto.
Narrare i paesaggi: la forma del territorio e il patrimonio archeologico della Puglia
ILIEV, MARIA BELEN
2026
Abstract
Archaeology today is the architecture of the past. Since ancient times, cities have rested upon the land, interpreting geography and developing a constructive and technical knowledge directly related to the morphology of places. By adapting each time to territories with different characteristics, built forms have always expressed settlement patterns that directly reflected their relationship with the landscape. These relationships, which historically contributed to the ordering and measurement of the territory in various ways, still retain a primary value in the interpretative observation of the structural phenomena of territories and cities. In this sense, the critical reading of the compositional and formal principles derived from the ancient city can be understood as a cognitive and methodological design process –one that recognizes ancient archetypes in order to reinterpret them through a new contemporary lens. This perspective conceives the study and reading of the territory as a stratified system, composed of reciprocal relationships among elements –often heterogeneous– where geography and infrastructure act as primary conditions that have guided the birth and development of the most varied anthropic forms and land uses, thus shaping a landscape of strong identity. Ancient settlements, as structuring components of that landscape, although today they have lost their “narrative” value –due to their fragmentation and isolation within the territory– nonetheless represent a spatial and formal framework that allows us to read and interpret the configuration of the territory as the outcome of relationships between anthropic and natural forms, through compositional logics that have determined its configuration. From this standpoint, the research adopts a typological and relational approach to investigate the forms of archaeology as they relate to the forms of the land, recognizing archaeology as a key interpretative lens for understanding the entire Apulian landscape –the logics that have inscribed themselves upon the land and shaped its current configurations. It offers a reflection on the value that archaeological heritage may assume in contemporaneity, through the reinterpretation of ancient principles within project for archaeology, following a methodological process of decomposition and recomposition that reveals the specific settlement characters of each territory. In a perspective that shifts the focus from a historicist vision to an architectural and compositional approach, the ancient city emerges in this work as a device of knowledge –both archaeological and architectural– in which the relationships between morphology, structure, and built forms reveal an ordering principle comparable in value to that of contemporary cities. This objective expands toward a broader, territorial scale, emphasizing the idea of integration understood as the creation of a territorial network capable of overcoming the fragmented view of individual sites, moving instead toward a relational vision of heritage among the various sites composing the Apulian archaeological landscape. Within this context, ancient routes assume a central role as primary infrastructural forms that have shaped the relationships between settlements and territory since antiquity. The research ultimately aims to propose a new critical method for reading landscapes, particularly the ancient city, by recognizing its ordering principles and identifying the relational structure not only among its parts but also with the place in which it is situated and with its broader context. Within this framework, the study introduces a new definition of the Network System of Archaeological Areas, which expresses –through the articulation of relationships among diverse parts– the nature and identity of archaeological places. Specifically, it advances a narrative intended as an act of re-signification, as a recognition of the value that ancient cities hold within a complex territorial structure, shaping settlement models. The internal relational structure found in each model makes it possible to identify points of tension that can be interpreted as potential project nodes, defining design directions and actions that foster a more attentive formal and spatial reading, an innovative compositional approach that opens new reflections on archaeology as an opportunity for critical engagement with architectural design.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/359648
URN:NBN:IT:UNIROMA1-359648