This PhD thesis investigates quantitative approaches for improving decision-making in manufacturing and logistics systems. The research combines applied studies carries out in real industrial environments with methodological advances to combinatorial optimization. The overall objective is to design and implement Decision Support Systems (DSS) that apply optimization and simulation tools to transform data into actionable insights, thereby improving operational efficiency and resource utilization in industrial practice. The first part of the thesis focuses on applications in the ceramic industry, a particularly interesting sector characterized by its high process and product variability. Two complementary studies are presented. The first employs Discrete Event Simulation to analyze and improve material flow management, showing how simulation can evaluate alternative storage and classification strategies to increase production efficiency. The second develops an optimization-based DSS for intra-logistics and order management. The system uses mathematical programming and digital integration to automate complex decisions such as order aggregation, transport allocation and stock utilization. Together, these studies illustrate how data-driven decision systems can enhance flexibility, reduce costs, and support the digital transformation of traditional manufacturing. The second part of the thesis proposes new exact optimization methods and decision tools for broader industrial applications. Two new exact methods based on branch-and-bound algorithms are proposed. The first addresses parallel machine scheduling with renewable resource constraints, capturing relevant applications in energy-aware production planning where energy usage must not exceed a fixed limit at any time. The second extends this idea to the two-dimensional orthogonal packing problem, introducing a combinatorial exact method that does not rely on linear programming solvers. Taken together, these studies address problems with strong practical relevance and high computational complexity, showing the potential of exact methods to support complex decision-making in industrial contexts. Overall, the thesis highlights how simulation, optimization, and digital decision-support tools can effectively guide internal decision-making, providing methodological advances and tangible benefits for modern manufacturing systems and helping bridge the gap between theoretical models and industrial practice.
La presente tesi di dottorato esplora approcci quantitativi per migliorare il processo decisionale nei sistemi produttivi e logistici. La ricerca combina studi applicati in contesti industriali reali con sviluppi metodologici nell’ottimizzazione combinatoria. L’obiettivo generale è progettare e implementare Sistemi di Supporto alle Decisioni (Decision Support Systems, DSS) che impiegano strumenti di ottimizzazione e simulazione per trasformare i dati in informazioni utili, migliorando l’efficienza operativa e l’utilizzo delle risorse nella pratica industriale. La prima parte della tesi si concentra su applicazioni nel settore ceramico, un ambito particolarmente interessante per via dell’elevata variabilità dei processi e dei prodotti. Vengono presentati due studi complementari. Il primo applica la Simulazione ad Eventi Discreti per analizzare e migliorare la gestione dei flussi di materiali, mostrando come la simulazione possa essere utilizzata per testare strategie alternative di stoccaggio e classificazione, incrementando l’efficienza produttiva. Il secondo studio sviluppa un DSS basato su modelli di ottimizzazione per la gestione dell’intralogistica e degli ordini. Il sistema utilizza la programmazione matematica e l’integrazione digitale per automatizzare decisioni complesse, come l’aggregazione degli ordini, l’assegnazione dei trasporti e la gestione delle scorte. Insieme, questi due studi dimostrano come i sistemi decisionali basati sui dati possano aumentare la flessibilità gestionale, ridurre i costi operativi e supportare la trasformazione digitale delle imprese. La seconda parte della tesi propone lo sviluppo di metodi di ottimizzazione esatti e strumenti decisionali per applicazioni industriali più generali. Vengono presentati due nuovi metodi esatti basati su algoritmi di branch-and-bound. Il primo affronta il problema di schedulazione su macchine parallele con vincoli di risorse rinnovabili, con applicazioni rilevanti nella pianificazione produttiva orientata all’efficienza energetica, dove il consumo di energia non può superare un limite massimo in ogni istante. Il secondo estende questo approccio al problema di packing ortogonale bidimensionale, introducendo un metodo combinatorio esatto che non richiede l’utilizzo di risolutori di programmazione lineare. Entrambi gli studi affrontano problemi di grande rilevanza pratica e alta complessità computazionale, evidenziando il potenziale dei metodi esatti nel supportare il processo decisionale in ambito industriale. Complessivamente, la tesi evidenzia come simulazione, ottimizzazione e strumenti digitali di supporto alle decisioni possano guidare efficacemente i processi interni di decisione, offrendo avanzamenti metodologici e risultati concreti per le imprese moderne e contribuendo a ridurre la distanza tra i modelli teorici e la pratica industriale.
Dalle Applicazioni Industriali ai Metodi Esatti: Sistemi di Supporto alle Decisioni per la Produzione e la Logistica
DOTTI, GIULIA
2026
Abstract
This PhD thesis investigates quantitative approaches for improving decision-making in manufacturing and logistics systems. The research combines applied studies carries out in real industrial environments with methodological advances to combinatorial optimization. The overall objective is to design and implement Decision Support Systems (DSS) that apply optimization and simulation tools to transform data into actionable insights, thereby improving operational efficiency and resource utilization in industrial practice. The first part of the thesis focuses on applications in the ceramic industry, a particularly interesting sector characterized by its high process and product variability. Two complementary studies are presented. The first employs Discrete Event Simulation to analyze and improve material flow management, showing how simulation can evaluate alternative storage and classification strategies to increase production efficiency. The second develops an optimization-based DSS for intra-logistics and order management. The system uses mathematical programming and digital integration to automate complex decisions such as order aggregation, transport allocation and stock utilization. Together, these studies illustrate how data-driven decision systems can enhance flexibility, reduce costs, and support the digital transformation of traditional manufacturing. The second part of the thesis proposes new exact optimization methods and decision tools for broader industrial applications. Two new exact methods based on branch-and-bound algorithms are proposed. The first addresses parallel machine scheduling with renewable resource constraints, capturing relevant applications in energy-aware production planning where energy usage must not exceed a fixed limit at any time. The second extends this idea to the two-dimensional orthogonal packing problem, introducing a combinatorial exact method that does not rely on linear programming solvers. Taken together, these studies address problems with strong practical relevance and high computational complexity, showing the potential of exact methods to support complex decision-making in industrial contexts. Overall, the thesis highlights how simulation, optimization, and digital decision-support tools can effectively guide internal decision-making, providing methodological advances and tangible benefits for modern manufacturing systems and helping bridge the gap between theoretical models and industrial practice.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/360788
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMORE-360788