External spur gears gear pumps are fixed-displacement positive machines widely used across various sectors, for both mobile and stationary applications, thanks to their simple design, low cost, and good efficiency. With the advent of electrification—especially in mobile applications—the need for increasingly efficient and quiet pumps has become even more relevant. The aim of this research is to develop a lumped-parameter model of a spur-gear external gear pump, in order to provide a digital model to be used as a design-support tool for these machines. The research was carried out in collaboration with Dana Motion Systems Italia S.r.l., specifically with the subsidiary DPC Hydraulics S.r.l. in Reggio Emilia, which specializes in the development and manufacturing of hydraulic components. The model, developed using Simcenter Amesim and MATLAB, is capable of estimating: • the volumetric performance of the pump (inlet and outlet flow rate, leakages, chamber pressures, and outlet pressure oscillations, which are closely related to the machine’s noise); • the hydromechanical performance of the pump (forces and torques acting on the gears, including viscous and mechanical losses due to meshing); • wear of the pump housing due to the running-in process. Running-in is very important for the proper operation of this type of pump; the ability to simulate its behaviour provides a means to optimize this phase and reduce the associated costs and time. To validate the model, an experimental campaign was conducted at the DPC Hydraulics S.r.l. laboratories. Two displacements of spur-gear pumps were selected and, for each displacement, three samples were tested. Before assembly, certain geometric dimensions of pump components relevant to the model definition were measured; more detailed measurements were performed on the internal profiles of the pump housings. Subsequently, the pumps were assembled, run-in, and disassembled to repeat measurements on the housings and assess wear induced by running-in. The pumps were tested to evaluate volumetric and hydromechanical efficiency at different operating points and at two oil temperatures: 30 °C and 60 °C. The experimental campaign concluded with pressure ripple tests: a rigid line was mounted on the pump outlet and pressure oscillations were recorded. These tests were also carried out at different operating points and at the two oil temperatures (30 °C and 60 °C). This work enabled the development and validation of a numerical tool useful for the design and optimization of external spur-gear pumps.
Le pompe a denti dritti a ingranaggi esterni sono macchine volumetriche a cilindrata fissa, ampiamente utilizzate in diversi settori, sia per applicazioni mobili sia fisse, grazie alla loro semplicità, ai costi ridotti e alle buone efficienze. Con l’avvento dell’elettrificazione, soprattutto per applicazioni mobili, la necessità di pompe sempre più efficienti e silenziose è diventata ancora più rilevante. Lo scopo di questa ricerca è lo sviluppo di un modello a parametri concentrati di una pompa a ingranaggi a denti dritti, al fine di fornire un modello digitale da utilizzare come strumento di supporto alla progettazione di queste macchine. L’attività di ricerca è stata svolta in collaborazione con Dana Motion Systems Italia S.r.l., in particolare con la controllata DPC Hydraulics S.r.l. di Reggio Emilia, specializzata nello sviluppo e nella realizzazione di componenti idraulici. Il modello, sviluppato utilizzando i software Simcenter Amesim e MATLAB, è in grado di stimare: • le prestazioni volumetriche della pompa (portata in aspirazione e in mandata, trafilamenti, pressione nelle camere e oscillazioni di pressione in mandata, strettamente correlate con la rumorosità della macchina); • le prestazioni idromeccaniche della pompa (forze e coppie applicate alle ruote, incluse le perdite viscose e meccaniche dovute all’ingranamento); • l’usura del corpo pompa dovuta al processo di rodaggio. Il rodaggio, per questo tipo di pompe, è molto importante per il corretto funzionamento; la possibilità di simularne il comportamento fornisce uno strumento per ottimizzare tale fase e ridurne costi e tempi associati. Per la validazione del modello è stata svolta una campagna sperimentale presso i laboratori di DPC Hydraulics S.r.l. Sono state selezionate due cilindrate di pompe a denti dritti e, per ciascuna cilindrata, sono stati testati tre campioni. Prima dell’assemblaggio, alcune dimensioni geometriche dei componenti, utili alla definizione del modello, sono state misurate; una rilevazione più dettagliata è stata eseguita sui profili interni dei corpi pompa. Successivamente le pompe sono state assemblate, rodate e disassemblate, per ripetere le misure sui corpi pompa e valutare l’usura indotta dal rodaggio. Le pompe sono state sottoposte a prove per valutare l’efficienza volumetrica e idromeccanica in diversi punti di funzionamento e a due temperature dell’olio: 30 °C e 60 °C. La campagna sperimentale si è conclusa con test di pressure ripple: una condotta rigida è stata montata sulla mandata della pompa e le oscillazioni di pressione sono state rilevate. Anche questi test sono stati eseguiti in diversi punti di funzionamento e alle due temperature dell’olio (30 °C e 60 °C). Questa attività ha permesso di sviluppare e validare uno strumento numerico utile per la progettazione e l’ottimizzazione di pompe a ingranaggi esterni a denti dritti.
Modello a parametri concentrati di una pompa a ingranaggi esterni a denti dritti: sviluppo e validazione sperimentale
TOTARO, GIUSEPPE
2026
Abstract
External spur gears gear pumps are fixed-displacement positive machines widely used across various sectors, for both mobile and stationary applications, thanks to their simple design, low cost, and good efficiency. With the advent of electrification—especially in mobile applications—the need for increasingly efficient and quiet pumps has become even more relevant. The aim of this research is to develop a lumped-parameter model of a spur-gear external gear pump, in order to provide a digital model to be used as a design-support tool for these machines. The research was carried out in collaboration with Dana Motion Systems Italia S.r.l., specifically with the subsidiary DPC Hydraulics S.r.l. in Reggio Emilia, which specializes in the development and manufacturing of hydraulic components. The model, developed using Simcenter Amesim and MATLAB, is capable of estimating: • the volumetric performance of the pump (inlet and outlet flow rate, leakages, chamber pressures, and outlet pressure oscillations, which are closely related to the machine’s noise); • the hydromechanical performance of the pump (forces and torques acting on the gears, including viscous and mechanical losses due to meshing); • wear of the pump housing due to the running-in process. Running-in is very important for the proper operation of this type of pump; the ability to simulate its behaviour provides a means to optimize this phase and reduce the associated costs and time. To validate the model, an experimental campaign was conducted at the DPC Hydraulics S.r.l. laboratories. Two displacements of spur-gear pumps were selected and, for each displacement, three samples were tested. Before assembly, certain geometric dimensions of pump components relevant to the model definition were measured; more detailed measurements were performed on the internal profiles of the pump housings. Subsequently, the pumps were assembled, run-in, and disassembled to repeat measurements on the housings and assess wear induced by running-in. The pumps were tested to evaluate volumetric and hydromechanical efficiency at different operating points and at two oil temperatures: 30 °C and 60 °C. The experimental campaign concluded with pressure ripple tests: a rigid line was mounted on the pump outlet and pressure oscillations were recorded. These tests were also carried out at different operating points and at the two oil temperatures (30 °C and 60 °C). This work enabled the development and validation of a numerical tool useful for the design and optimization of external spur-gear pumps.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/361165
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMORE-361165