The digital transformation of contemporary organizations has profoundly redefined the relationship between technology and human resource management, raising crucial questions about the nature and direction of this evolution. If empowerment and digital micro-management do not represent generalizable and deterministic impacts of digitalization on the person-organization relationship, what alternative paradigm should we expect? How can digital transformation redefine this relationship and, consequently, what new Human Resource Management approaches and tools emerge from this change? This research addresses these questions through a systematic analysis structured in three complementary dimensions that explore the complexity of data-driven transformation in human resources. The first chapter examines how the digitalization and datafication of work have generated new forms of behavioral visibility, overcoming deterministic visions that oscillate between techno-optimism and techno-pessimism. This work proposes a data-driven human resource management perspective that combines systemic efficiency with individual work quality. This approach highlights that digital transformation represents a process requiring the joint optimization of technological and social systems. Particular attention is dedicated to data quality as a foundational element and to regulatory challenges related to employment privacy and behavioral visibility. The second chapter introduces the paradigmatic distinction between "People Analytics" and "Analytics for People". The former uses data to optimize organizational decision-making processes. The latter provides analytical tools directly to employees to understand their professional path, improve performance, and plan career development. While the traditional model configures employees as objects of analysis for top-down decisions, the Analytics for People approach transforms them into co-beneficiaries of insights derived from their own data. The research analyzes four HR processes highlighting the evolution from extractive to generative logics. In recruitment, candidates shift from passive information providers to co-creators of their own experience; in training, from consumers of standardized content to designers of their own learning path; in performance evaluation, from objects of measurement to subjects of guided self-development. Implementation is validated through two cases at Gruppo Hera. The third chapter identifies the enabling elements necessary for the diffusion of the data-driven approach, articulating them into two strategic macro-categories: data governance and change management. A multidimensional model for the distribution of decision-making authority over data and an integrated framework for evaluating the effectiveness of HR data governance are proposed. Change management surpasses the managerial sensegiving paradigm to evolve toward collective sensemaking processes, where all stakeholders contribute to the construction of data meaning. The complete experience of Gruppo Hera provides empirical validation of how a systematic approach to data governance can concretely support the implementation of "Analytics for People" solutions. The results show that this new person-organization relationship, based on procedural transparency and informational empowerment, requires technological contextualization that integrates analytical competencies, involvement of social partners, and organizational culture oriented toward value co-creation. The proposed approach recognizes the interdependence between technological, organizational, and human dimensions, amplifying the strategic potential of the HR function through data intelligence while respecting the intrinsically human nature of people management.
La trasformazione digitale delle organizzazioni contemporanee ha profondamente ridefinito il rapporto tra tecnologia e gestione delle risorse umane, sollevando interrogativi cruciali sulla natura e sulla direzione di questa evoluzione. In che modo la trasformazione digitale può ridefinire questa relazione e, conseguentemente, quali nuovi approcci e strumenti di Human Resource Management emergono da questo cambiamento? Questa ricerca affronta tali questioni attraverso un'analisi sistematica articolata in tre dimensioni complementari che esplorano la complessità della trasformazione data-driven nelle risorse umane. Il primo capitolo esamina come la digitalizzazione e la datificazione del lavoro abbiano generato nuove forme di visibilità comportamentale, superando le visioni deterministiche che oscillano tra tecno-ottimismo e tecno-pessimismo. In questo lavoro si propone una prospettiva di gestione delle risorse umane basata sui dati, che combina l'efficienza sistemica con la qualità del lavoro individuale. Tale approccio evidenzia che la trasformazione digitale rappresenta un processo che richiede l'ottimizzazione congiunta di sistemi tecnologici e sociali. Particolare attenzione viene dedicata alla qualità dei dati come elemento fondante e alle sfide normative legate alla privacy nel contesto lavorativo e alla behavioral visibility. Il secondo capitolo introduce la distinzione paradigmatica tra "People Analytics" e "Analytics for People". Le prime utilizzano i dati per ottimizzare i processi decisionali. Le seconde restituiscono strumenti analitici direttamente ai collaboratori per comprendere il proprio percorso professionale, migliorare la performance e pianificare lo sviluppo di carriera. Mentre il modello tradizionale configura i dipendenti come oggetti di analisi per decisioni top-down, l'approccio Analytics for People li trasforma in co-beneficiari degli insights derivanti dai propri dati. La ricerca analizza quattro processi HR evidenziando l'evoluzione da logiche estrattive a generative. Nel recruitment, i candidati passano da fornitori passivi di informazioni a co-creatori della propria esperienza; nella formazione, da fruitori di contenuti standardizzati a progettisti del proprio percorso di apprendimento; nella valutazione, da oggetti di misurazione a soggetti di auto-sviluppo guidato. L'implementazione viene validata attraverso due casi nel Gruppo Hera. Il terzo capitolo identifica gli elementi abilitanti necessari per la diffusione dell'approccio data-driven, articolandoli in due macro-categorie strategiche: la governance dei dati e il change management. Viene proposto un modello multidimensionale per la distribuzione dell'autorità decisionale sui dati e un framework integrato per la valutazione dell'efficacia della data governance HR. Il change management supera il paradigma del sensegiving manageriale per evolvere verso processi di sensemaking collettivo, dove tutti gli stakeholder contribuiscono alla costruzione del significato dei dati. L'esperienza completa di Gruppo Hera fornisce validazione empirica di come un approccio sistematico alla data governance possa supportare concretamente l'implementazione delle soluzioni "Analytics for People". I risultati evidenziano che questa nuova relazione persona-organizzazione, basata su trasparenza procedurale e empowerment informativo, richiede contestualizzazione tecnologica che integri competenze analitiche, coinvolgimento delle parti sociali e cultura organizzativa orientata alla co-creazione di valore. L'approccio proposto riconosce l'interdipendenza tra dimensioni tecnologiche, organizzative e umane, amplificando le potenzialità strategiche della funzione HR attraverso l'intelligenza dei dati nel rispetto della natura intrinsecamente umana della gestione delle persone.
ANALITYCS FOR PEOPLE: Concetti e strumenti per la trasformazione data-driven della Gestione delle Risorse Umane
MELIS, ERIKA
2026
Abstract
The digital transformation of contemporary organizations has profoundly redefined the relationship between technology and human resource management, raising crucial questions about the nature and direction of this evolution. If empowerment and digital micro-management do not represent generalizable and deterministic impacts of digitalization on the person-organization relationship, what alternative paradigm should we expect? How can digital transformation redefine this relationship and, consequently, what new Human Resource Management approaches and tools emerge from this change? This research addresses these questions through a systematic analysis structured in three complementary dimensions that explore the complexity of data-driven transformation in human resources. The first chapter examines how the digitalization and datafication of work have generated new forms of behavioral visibility, overcoming deterministic visions that oscillate between techno-optimism and techno-pessimism. This work proposes a data-driven human resource management perspective that combines systemic efficiency with individual work quality. This approach highlights that digital transformation represents a process requiring the joint optimization of technological and social systems. Particular attention is dedicated to data quality as a foundational element and to regulatory challenges related to employment privacy and behavioral visibility. The second chapter introduces the paradigmatic distinction between "People Analytics" and "Analytics for People". The former uses data to optimize organizational decision-making processes. The latter provides analytical tools directly to employees to understand their professional path, improve performance, and plan career development. While the traditional model configures employees as objects of analysis for top-down decisions, the Analytics for People approach transforms them into co-beneficiaries of insights derived from their own data. The research analyzes four HR processes highlighting the evolution from extractive to generative logics. In recruitment, candidates shift from passive information providers to co-creators of their own experience; in training, from consumers of standardized content to designers of their own learning path; in performance evaluation, from objects of measurement to subjects of guided self-development. Implementation is validated through two cases at Gruppo Hera. The third chapter identifies the enabling elements necessary for the diffusion of the data-driven approach, articulating them into two strategic macro-categories: data governance and change management. A multidimensional model for the distribution of decision-making authority over data and an integrated framework for evaluating the effectiveness of HR data governance are proposed. Change management surpasses the managerial sensegiving paradigm to evolve toward collective sensemaking processes, where all stakeholders contribute to the construction of data meaning. The complete experience of Gruppo Hera provides empirical validation of how a systematic approach to data governance can concretely support the implementation of "Analytics for People" solutions. The results show that this new person-organization relationship, based on procedural transparency and informational empowerment, requires technological contextualization that integrates analytical competencies, involvement of social partners, and organizational culture oriented toward value co-creation. The proposed approach recognizes the interdependence between technological, organizational, and human dimensions, amplifying the strategic potential of the HR function through data intelligence while respecting the intrinsically human nature of people management.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/362008
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMORE-362008