Eating Disorders (EDs) are severe mental disorders associated with low quality of life, elevated mortality risk, and high financial burden. Nonetheless, research in this field remains limited compared to other psychiatric disorders. One research area that is increasingly emerging is the detection of key mechanisms that underlie the development and maintenance of ED symptoms, as these mechanisms may represent valuable targets of treatment (Obeid et al., 2025). By analyzing clinical data extracted from the Regional Centre for Feeding and Eating Disorders registry (University Hospital of Verona), this thesis contributes to investigating the role of specific psychological mechanisms in the severity of ED symptoms and their association with other relevant variables. Findings from three clinical empirical studies highlighted the involvement of psychological mechanisms that extend beyond the observable ED symptoms. Particularly, some early maladaptive schemas, such as defectiveness (i.e., belief about oneself as defective and unlovable), failure (i.e., belief about oneself as incapable of achieving goals), and negativity (i.e., negative beliefs about life, minimizing positive aspects), mediated the relationship between childhood trauma burden and the severity of ED symptoms. Moreover, it has been shown that the simultaneous co-occurrence of difficulties in perceiving bodily internal states (i.e., clinical interoceptive deficits) and the recollection of appearance-related comments received prior to the ED onset was associated with greater restrictive eating symptoms and other factors, such as asceticism and emotion dysregulation. Lastly, distinct affective patterns have been found within a sample of ED outpatients, each of them associated with specific clinical characteristics such as duration of illness, eating symptom severity, general psychopathology, and trauma burden. These findings point a heterogeneity of emotional profiles among ED patients, suggesting the need for more tailored therapeutic approaches. Overall, the identification of these psychological mechanisms may represent a step toward the advancement of personalization of care - a paradigm that aims to move beyond one-size-fits-all treatment models by improving the diagnostic accuracy, personalized clinical decision-making, and treatment outcomes and prognosis for individuals affected by EDs.
I disturbi alimentari sono disturbi mentali severi, associati ad una scarsa qualità di vita, ad un elevato rischio di mortalità e ad un significativo carico economico. Nonostante ciò, la ricerca scientifica in questo ambito rimane ad oggi limitata rispetto a quella condotta in altri settori della salute mentale. Un’area di ricerca che sta emergendo sempre più è quella dell’identificazione dei meccanismi transdiagnostici che sottendono lo sviluppo e il mantenimento dei sintomi alimentari. Tali meccanismi potrebbero rappresentare infatti validi target di trattamento. Il presente progetto di tesi contribuisce ad indagare il ruolo di specifici meccanismi psicologici nella gravità dei sintomi alimentari e la loro associazione con altre variabili rilevanti, analizzando i dati clinici appartenenti alla banca dati del Centro Regionale per il Trattamento dei Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell’Alimentazione dell’Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona. I risultati di tre studi clinici empirici hanno evidenziato il coinvolgimento di una varietà di meccanismi psicologici che vanno al di là dei sintomi alimentari osservabili. In particolare, alcuni schemi maladattivi precoci – come l’inadeguatezza (la credenza di essere manchevoli e non amabili), il fallimento (la credenza di essere incapaci di raggiungere i propri obiettivi) e la negatività (credenze pessimistiche riguardo alla vita, con tendenza a minimizzare gli aspetti positivi) – mediano la relazione tra il carico traumatico infantile e la gravità dei sintomi alimentari. Inoltre, la co-presenza di una difficoltà nel percepire gli stati corporei interni (deficit interocettivo clinico) e del ricordo di commenti sull’aspetto fisico ricevuti prima dell’esordio del disturbo alimentare è associata a una maggiore gravità di sintomi alimentari di natura restrittiva e ad altri fattori, quali l’ascetismo e la disregolazione emotiva. Infine, all’interno di un campione di pazienti con disturbi alimentari sono state individuate diverse configurazioni affettive, ognuna delle quali associata a specifiche caratteristiche cliniche, come la durata della malattia, la gravità dei sintomi alimentari, la psicopatologia generale e il carico traumatico. Questi risultati evidenziano un’ampia eterogeneità dei profili affettivi tra i pazienti con disturbi alimentari, suggerendo la necessità di approcci terapeutici personalizzati. In generale, l’identificazione di questi meccanismi psicologici può rappresentare un passo significativo verso la personalizzazione delle cure, un paradigma emergente che si pone l’obiettivo di superare i modelli di trattamento standardizzati, migliorando l’accuratezza diagnostica, il processo decisionale clinico personalizzato e gli esiti di trattamento e prognosi per le persone affette da disturbi alimentari.
A multidimensional approach to eating disorders: exploring the psychological mechanisms associated with symptom severity
FASOLATO, RACHELE
2026
Abstract
Eating Disorders (EDs) are severe mental disorders associated with low quality of life, elevated mortality risk, and high financial burden. Nonetheless, research in this field remains limited compared to other psychiatric disorders. One research area that is increasingly emerging is the detection of key mechanisms that underlie the development and maintenance of ED symptoms, as these mechanisms may represent valuable targets of treatment (Obeid et al., 2025). By analyzing clinical data extracted from the Regional Centre for Feeding and Eating Disorders registry (University Hospital of Verona), this thesis contributes to investigating the role of specific psychological mechanisms in the severity of ED symptoms and their association with other relevant variables. Findings from three clinical empirical studies highlighted the involvement of psychological mechanisms that extend beyond the observable ED symptoms. Particularly, some early maladaptive schemas, such as defectiveness (i.e., belief about oneself as defective and unlovable), failure (i.e., belief about oneself as incapable of achieving goals), and negativity (i.e., negative beliefs about life, minimizing positive aspects), mediated the relationship between childhood trauma burden and the severity of ED symptoms. Moreover, it has been shown that the simultaneous co-occurrence of difficulties in perceiving bodily internal states (i.e., clinical interoceptive deficits) and the recollection of appearance-related comments received prior to the ED onset was associated with greater restrictive eating symptoms and other factors, such as asceticism and emotion dysregulation. Lastly, distinct affective patterns have been found within a sample of ED outpatients, each of them associated with specific clinical characteristics such as duration of illness, eating symptom severity, general psychopathology, and trauma burden. These findings point a heterogeneity of emotional profiles among ED patients, suggesting the need for more tailored therapeutic approaches. Overall, the identification of these psychological mechanisms may represent a step toward the advancement of personalization of care - a paradigm that aims to move beyond one-size-fits-all treatment models by improving the diagnostic accuracy, personalized clinical decision-making, and treatment outcomes and prognosis for individuals affected by EDs.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/362493
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVR-362493