An exploration of heavy flavour jets: From phenomenology to precision measurements at the ATLAS Experiment

This thesis provides a panoramic view of heavy flavour jets at hadron colliders, diving into their phenomenology, identification, and production. After a brief overview of the Standard Model and the phenomenology of Quantum Chromodynamics, we begin by considering the problem of defining heavy flavour jets in higher order QCD predictions, and analyse a set of possible solutions. We then turn to more experimental aspects, describing the ATLAS Detector and the algorithms employed by the ATLAS Collaboration to identify heavy flavour jets within the detector. Lastly, we present a measurement of $Z$ boson production in association with a pair of bottom or light jets, focusing both on jet kinematics, as well jet substructure. In particular, we consider the ratio of the Lund Jet Plane for these jets, uncovering the dead cone effect for the first time at the ATLAS Experiment.