Global greenhouse gas emissions are driving the planet toward an unprecedented ecological crisis. Among all sectors contributing to climate change, the building sector stands out as the most polluting: much of the existing building stock is old, energy-intensive, deteriorating, and heavily dependent on fossil fuels. For this reason, the present Research focuses on the construction sector, identifying it as the key domain for emission mitigation and as a strategic lever for achieving global sustainability goals. Despite its central role, the sector still lacks a unified governance framework, a shared strategy to address environmental challenges, and an integrated methodology capable of performing multi-scalar analyses of the energy metabolism of the building stock. Moreover, no robust and reproducible valuative system exists to support political decision-making. This lack of rigorous tools fuels a common misunderstanding: mitigation strategies are too often perceived as an additional cost rather than as a long-term investment, precisely because reliable and comparable economic estimates are missing. The research addresses this gap by developing a methodology that integrates ecological and economic assessments, providing a transparent and quantitative framework to valuate the impacts of ecological retrofitting actions. The Research pursues three main objectives: (1) to improve economic valuations in the field of energy retrofitting; (2) to enhance analyses of bio-based materials and their implications for energy consumption and emissions; and (3) to estimate CO₂ reductions within a broader environmental balance. Special attention is given to the interplay between CO2 emissions and natural absorptions, with forests acting as carbon sinks and bio-sustainable materials enabling low-carbon construction processes. The promotion of bio-natural materials, particularly cork, has the potential to support institutional green policies, foster sustainable construction, stimulate investments outside the petroleum cycle, requalify the Euro-Mediterranean landscape and forests, and strengthen export-oriented green economies. A core contribution of the Dissertation is the design of a progressive, multi-scalar methodology; the strategy is tested first at the single building level, then at the neighborhood level, and ultimately at the urban level. This progression allows for a comprehensive understanding of how energy efficiency gains and emission reductions accumulate across scales. The city of Reggio Calabria serves as the reference context in which the methodology is applied, with the objective of assessing whether, and under what conditions, the city can achieve carbon neutrality, and at what costs and benefits. The Research contributes to demonstrating the ecological and economic feasibility of ecological retrofitting, providing policy makers with a Decision Support System, a transparent and quantitative analytical tool capable of supporting the decision-making process of territorial planning at different scales of intervention and guiding actions towards the achievement of global climate goals and the transition to post-carbon cities.
Le emissioni globali di gas serra stanno accelerando una crisi climatica ed ecologica senza precedenti, all’interno della quale il settore edilizio riveste un ruolo determinante. L’elevata incidenza delle emissioni associate al patrimonio costruito, caratterizzato da obsolescenza tecnologica, alti consumi energetici e forte dipendenza dai combustibili fossili, rende il settore delle costruzioni un ambito prioritario di intervento per le politiche di mitigazione climatica e per il raggiungimento degli obiettivi di sostenibilità a scala globale. Nonostante tale centralità, il settore edilizio è tuttora privo di un quadro di governance integrato e di strumenti metodologici in grado di supportare analisi sistemiche e multi-scalari del metabolismo energetico urbano. In particolare, l’assenza di sistemi valutativi robusti, trasparenti e riproducibili limita la capacità decisionale dei policy maker e alimenta una diffusa percezione delle strategie di mitigazione come costi aggiuntivi, piuttosto che come investimenti strutturali nel lungo periodo. La presente Ricerca affronta tale criticità attraverso lo sviluppo di una metodologia integrata ecologico- economica, finalizzata alla valutazione congiunta degli impatti ambientali ed economici degli interventi di retrofit ecologico. La Ricerca persegue tre obiettivi principali: il miglioramento delle metodologie di valutazione economica applicate alla riqualificazione energetica del patrimonio edilizio esistente; l’approfondimento del ruolo dei materiali bio-based nei processi di riduzione dei consumi energetici e delle emissioni di CO₂; la costruzione di un bilancio ecologico integrato, capace di considerare simultaneamente emissioni antropiche e assorbimenti naturali. In tale prospettiva, particolare attenzione è rivolta al ruolo delle foreste come carbon sink e al potenziale dei materiali bio-ecologici, con specifico riferimento al sughero. Il contributo originale della presente Dissertazione risiede nello sviluppo di un framework metodologico progressivo e multi-scalare, applicato alle scale dell’edificio, del quartiere e della città. La metodologia è sperimentata nel caso studio di Reggio Calabria, al fine di valutare le condizioni di raggiungimento della Neutralità Carbonica urbana e la sostenibilità economica degli interventi proposti.
VALUTAZIONI INTEGRATE ECONOMICO – ECOLOGICHE PER UNA STRATEGIA TERRITORIALE DI MITIGAZIONE E ADATTAMENTO AL CAMBIAMENTO CLIMATICO
Errigo, Roberta
2026
Abstract
Global greenhouse gas emissions are driving the planet toward an unprecedented ecological crisis. Among all sectors contributing to climate change, the building sector stands out as the most polluting: much of the existing building stock is old, energy-intensive, deteriorating, and heavily dependent on fossil fuels. For this reason, the present Research focuses on the construction sector, identifying it as the key domain for emission mitigation and as a strategic lever for achieving global sustainability goals. Despite its central role, the sector still lacks a unified governance framework, a shared strategy to address environmental challenges, and an integrated methodology capable of performing multi-scalar analyses of the energy metabolism of the building stock. Moreover, no robust and reproducible valuative system exists to support political decision-making. This lack of rigorous tools fuels a common misunderstanding: mitigation strategies are too often perceived as an additional cost rather than as a long-term investment, precisely because reliable and comparable economic estimates are missing. The research addresses this gap by developing a methodology that integrates ecological and economic assessments, providing a transparent and quantitative framework to valuate the impacts of ecological retrofitting actions. The Research pursues three main objectives: (1) to improve economic valuations in the field of energy retrofitting; (2) to enhance analyses of bio-based materials and their implications for energy consumption and emissions; and (3) to estimate CO₂ reductions within a broader environmental balance. Special attention is given to the interplay between CO2 emissions and natural absorptions, with forests acting as carbon sinks and bio-sustainable materials enabling low-carbon construction processes. The promotion of bio-natural materials, particularly cork, has the potential to support institutional green policies, foster sustainable construction, stimulate investments outside the petroleum cycle, requalify the Euro-Mediterranean landscape and forests, and strengthen export-oriented green economies. A core contribution of the Dissertation is the design of a progressive, multi-scalar methodology; the strategy is tested first at the single building level, then at the neighborhood level, and ultimately at the urban level. This progression allows for a comprehensive understanding of how energy efficiency gains and emission reductions accumulate across scales. The city of Reggio Calabria serves as the reference context in which the methodology is applied, with the objective of assessing whether, and under what conditions, the city can achieve carbon neutrality, and at what costs and benefits. The Research contributes to demonstrating the ecological and economic feasibility of ecological retrofitting, providing policy makers with a Decision Support System, a transparent and quantitative analytical tool capable of supporting the decision-making process of territorial planning at different scales of intervention and guiding actions towards the achievement of global climate goals and the transition to post-carbon cities.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/365130
URN:NBN:IT:UNIRC-365130