In the long process of construction and transformation of the Italian territory, the reclamation of wetlands represents a chapter in which technical, political and cultural dimensions intersect. The Agro Pontino, an emblematic case, is a particularly significant example of this complexity, as its current configuration is the result of multiple and layered interventions that have developed over the centuries. The integral reclamation of the twentieth century, although celebrated by fascist propaganda as a definitive conquest, is in fact part of a broader history, which began at least with the works of Pope Pius VI at the end of the eighteenth century and was marked by partial successes, failures and continuous rewritings of the territory. The 20th-century interventions provided the area with a complex infrastructure system – canals, hydraulic systems, roads, bridges, rural centres and services – which radically changed the environmental and settlement structure, converting vast wetlands into agricultural fields and experimenting with new forms of urbanisation consistent with the ideology and modernity of the time. However, subsequent studies have highlighted the incompleteness or failure of many of the regime's stated objectives, both in terms of the extent of the reclaimed land and in terms of social and economic results, while the environmental effects of the transformations are particularly significant today. Considering the Agro Pontino as a palimpsest allows us to recognise the overlap of material and immaterial traces, including the technical architecture of the reclamation, and to read the continuity of the processes of territorial rewriting. In this regard, the research proposes a transcalar and diachronic reading of significant portions of the territory, with the aim of restoring its complexity, identifying permanence and transformations, and offering helpful tools to guide future maintenance and redesign of hydraulic systems, with a view to protection and historical awareness.
Nel lungo processo di costruzione e trasformazione del territorio italiano, la bonifica delle aree umide rappresenta un capitolo in cui si intrecciano dimensioni tecniche, politiche e culturali. L’Agro Pontino, caso emblematico, costituisce un esempio particolarmente significativo di tale complessità, poiché la sua configurazione attuale deriva da interventi plurimi e stratificati, maturati nel corso di secoli. La bonifica integrale del Novecento, pur celebrata dalla propaganda fascista come conquista definitiva, si inserisce infatti in una storia più ampia, avviata almeno con le opere di Pio VI alla fine del Settecento e segnata da successi parziali, fallimenti e continue riscritture del territorio. Gli interventi novecenteschi dotano l’area di un articolato sistema infrastrutturale – canali, impianti idraulici, strade, ponti, centri rurali e servizi – che modifica radicalmente l’assetto ambientale e insediativo, convertendo vaste zone umide in campi agricoli e sperimentando nuove forme di urbanizzazione coerenti con l’ideologia e la modernità del tempo. Tuttavia, gli studi successivi hanno evidenziato l’incompletezza o l’insuccesso di molti obiettivi dichiarati dal regime, sia in termini di estensione dei territori recuperati sia di risultati sociali ed economici, mentre gli effetti ambientali delle trasformazioni risultano oggi particolarmente rilevanti. Considerare l’Agro Pontino come un palinsesto consente di riconoscere la sovrapposizione di tracce materiali e immateriali, comprese le architetture tecniche della bonifica, e di leggere la continuità dei processi di riscrittura territoriale. A tale proposito, la ricerca propone una lettura transcalare e diacronica di porzioni significative del territorio, con l’obiettivo di restituirne la complessità, individuare le permanenze e le trasformazioni e offrire strumenti utili a orientare le future azioni di manutenzione e riprogettazione dei sistemi idraulici, in una prospettiva di tutela e consapevolezza storica.
Bonum facere. Le opere di fondazione nell’Agro Pontino e i processi trasformativi di architetture e territori. Strategie per la comprensione e la valorizzazione di aspetti inesplorati
GUADAGNO, STEFANO
2026
Abstract
In the long process of construction and transformation of the Italian territory, the reclamation of wetlands represents a chapter in which technical, political and cultural dimensions intersect. The Agro Pontino, an emblematic case, is a particularly significant example of this complexity, as its current configuration is the result of multiple and layered interventions that have developed over the centuries. The integral reclamation of the twentieth century, although celebrated by fascist propaganda as a definitive conquest, is in fact part of a broader history, which began at least with the works of Pope Pius VI at the end of the eighteenth century and was marked by partial successes, failures and continuous rewritings of the territory. The 20th-century interventions provided the area with a complex infrastructure system – canals, hydraulic systems, roads, bridges, rural centres and services – which radically changed the environmental and settlement structure, converting vast wetlands into agricultural fields and experimenting with new forms of urbanisation consistent with the ideology and modernity of the time. However, subsequent studies have highlighted the incompleteness or failure of many of the regime's stated objectives, both in terms of the extent of the reclaimed land and in terms of social and economic results, while the environmental effects of the transformations are particularly significant today. Considering the Agro Pontino as a palimpsest allows us to recognise the overlap of material and immaterial traces, including the technical architecture of the reclamation, and to read the continuity of the processes of territorial rewriting. In this regard, the research proposes a transcalar and diachronic reading of significant portions of the territory, with the aim of restoring its complexity, identifying permanence and transformations, and offering helpful tools to guide future maintenance and redesign of hydraulic systems, with a view to protection and historical awareness.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/369616
URN:NBN:IT:UNIROMA1-369616