Workplace well-being is shaped by processes unfolding within individuals, between colleagues, and within the way work is designed and enacted. This doctoral dissertation advances an integrated view of workplace well-being by examining complementary determinants across personal perspectives, social context, and work arrangements. Chapter 1 addresses the individual layer by introducing Work Cognitive Personal Demands (WCPD), which represent rigid, maladaptive appraisal tendencies that can amplify the perceived intensity of job demands and constrain the recognition and mobilization of resources. Across two studies with 1,029 employees, the 24-item WCPD Questionnaire showed a robust six-factor structure, satisfactory reliability, and evidence of measurement invariance, while displaying theoretically coherent associations with personal resources, burnout, well-being, and self-rated performance. Chapter 2 turns to the relational layer by examining how exposure to others’ burnout shapes interpersonal functioning within teams. Drawing on Emotions-as-Social-Information and Strength and Vulnerability Integration perspectives, a multilevel study of 337 employees nested in 53 teams showed that burnout prevalence, both as individually perceived and as a team-level climate, was positively associated with interpersonal strain. Safety-seeking, an interpersonal emotion-regulation strategy aimed at obtaining reassurance, buffered this association at the individual level, with stronger protective effects for younger (vs. older) employees. Chapter 3 focuses on the organizational layer by studying when flexible work arrangements become satisfying over time. In a three-wave longitudinal study over one year (N = 359), crafting leadership predicted increases in employees’ time–spatial job crafting. However, only space crafting mediated the link between crafting leadership and subsequent workplace flexibility satisfaction, and this indirect effect emerged primarily when compressed workweek use was higher. Overall, the dissertation highlights that sustainable well-being depends on aligned action across layers: fostering cognitive flexibility in work appraisals, preventing burnout climates that erode relationships, and enabling proactive adaptation to flexibility through supportive leadership and resource-building practices.
Il benessere lavorativo è il risultato di processi che si sviluppano a livello individuale, relazionale e organizzativo, nonché del modo in cui il lavoro viene strutturato e concretamente svolto. In questa prospettiva, la presente tesi di dottorato propone una lettura integrata del workplace well-being, esaminandone determinanti complementari riconducibili alla sfera personale, al contesto sociale e alle configurazioni del lavoro. Il Capitolo 1 approfondisce il livello individuale attraverso l’introduzione delle Work Cognitive Personal Demands (WCPD), definite come modalità di interpretare la realtà rigide e disfunzionali che possono amplificare l’intensità percepita delle richieste lavorative e, al contempo, ostacolare il riconoscimento e la mobilitazione delle risorse. Attraverso due studi condotti su 1.029 lavoratori, il Work Cognitive Personal Demands Questionnaire, composto da 24 item, ha mostrato una solida struttura a sei fattori, adeguati livelli di affidabilità ed evidenze di invarianza di misura, mostrando inoltre associazioni teoricamente coerenti con le risorse personali, il burnout, il benessere e la performance auto-valutata. Il Capitolo 2 si concentra sul livello relazionale, analizzando in che modo l’esposizione al burnout altrui influisca sul funzionamento interpersonale all’interno dei team. In linea con prospettive Emotions-as-Social-Information e Strength and Vulnerability Integration, uno studio multilivello condotto su 337 lavoratori appartenenti a 53 team ha mostrato che la prevalenza del burnout, sia nella sua percezione individuale sia nella sua configurazione come clima di team, risultava positivamente associata allo strain interpersonale. Inoltre, il safety-seeking, inteso come strategia interpersonale di regolazione emotiva orientata alla ricerca di rassicurazione, attenuava tale associazione a livello individuale, con effetti protettivi più marcati tra i lavoratori più giovani rispetto a quelli più anziani. Il Capitolo 3 affronta il livello organizzativo, esaminando le condizioni in cui le forme di flessibilità lavorativa divengono soddisfacenti nel tempo. In uno studio longitudinale a tre rilevazioni, sviluppato nell’arco di un anno (N = 359), la crafting leadership ha predetto incrementi nel time-spatial job crafting dei lavoratori. Tuttavia, soltanto lo space crafting ha mediato la relazione tra crafting leadership e successiva soddisfazione per la flessibilità lavorativa, e tale effetto indiretto è emerso principalmente nei casi di maggiore utilizzo della settimana lavorativa compressa. Nel complesso, la tesi evidenzia come il mantenimento di un benessere lavorativo sostenibile richieda un’azione coerente e integrata tra livelli diversi: promuovere una maggiore flessibilità cognitiva nei processi di appraisal del lavoro, prevenire la formazione di climi di burnout che compromettono la qualità delle relazioni, e sostenere l’adattamento proattivo alle condizioni di flessibilità attraverso forme di leadership supportiva e pratiche orientate alla costruzione di risorse.
Promoting Workplace Well-Being: an Integrated View on Personal Perspectives, Social Context, and Work Arrangements
BODOASCA, EMMA
2026
Abstract
Workplace well-being is shaped by processes unfolding within individuals, between colleagues, and within the way work is designed and enacted. This doctoral dissertation advances an integrated view of workplace well-being by examining complementary determinants across personal perspectives, social context, and work arrangements. Chapter 1 addresses the individual layer by introducing Work Cognitive Personal Demands (WCPD), which represent rigid, maladaptive appraisal tendencies that can amplify the perceived intensity of job demands and constrain the recognition and mobilization of resources. Across two studies with 1,029 employees, the 24-item WCPD Questionnaire showed a robust six-factor structure, satisfactory reliability, and evidence of measurement invariance, while displaying theoretically coherent associations with personal resources, burnout, well-being, and self-rated performance. Chapter 2 turns to the relational layer by examining how exposure to others’ burnout shapes interpersonal functioning within teams. Drawing on Emotions-as-Social-Information and Strength and Vulnerability Integration perspectives, a multilevel study of 337 employees nested in 53 teams showed that burnout prevalence, both as individually perceived and as a team-level climate, was positively associated with interpersonal strain. Safety-seeking, an interpersonal emotion-regulation strategy aimed at obtaining reassurance, buffered this association at the individual level, with stronger protective effects for younger (vs. older) employees. Chapter 3 focuses on the organizational layer by studying when flexible work arrangements become satisfying over time. In a three-wave longitudinal study over one year (N = 359), crafting leadership predicted increases in employees’ time–spatial job crafting. However, only space crafting mediated the link between crafting leadership and subsequent workplace flexibility satisfaction, and this indirect effect emerged primarily when compressed workweek use was higher. Overall, the dissertation highlights that sustainable well-being depends on aligned action across layers: fostering cognitive flexibility in work appraisals, preventing burnout climates that erode relationships, and enabling proactive adaptation to flexibility through supportive leadership and resource-building practices.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/369628
URN:NBN:IT:UNIROMA1-369628