The new industrial revolution towards sustainability and circularity, driven by major Automotive and Fashion brands, finds its motivation in the ecological transition, where production can no longer be disconnected from ethical, social, and environmental aspects. In leather production, the process involves high energy consumption, use of natural resources, and a series of complex chemical and mechanical treatments that generate significant amounts of liquid, gaseous, and solid waste, with corresponding environmental implications. Among these, liquid waste accounts for 15.2 % of the total, while solid waste comprises 26.1 %. The former primarily originates from wastewater in wet processing stages (tanning liquors), while the latter mainly results from mechanical operations such as splitting, shaving, buffing, and trimming. Specifically, every square meter of leather produced generates approximately 1.38 kg of total waste, of which about 0.36 kg is solid, and 0.21 kg is tanning liquor. Focusing on the automotive sector and the production of metal-free leather, this study aims to address a significant industrial challenge: on one hand, reducing the environmental impacts associated with production; on the other, integrating circularity principles through the reuse and valorization of processing residues. Specifically, the study seeks to develop a more sustainable approach to glutaraldehyde tanning, reducing its environmental impact and improving process efficiency, with particular attention to the volume of liquid effluents from drum processing. Additionally, the study explores the potential of upcycling solid waste from wet-white leather shaving operations to produce fillers for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites for Additive Manufacturing using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) techniques. This dual strategy supports a circular economy model within the leather industry, contributing both to waste reduction and the development of advanced materials for industrial applications.
La nuova rivoluzione industriale nella direzione della sostenibilità e circolarità, spinta dai grandi marchi dell’Automotive e del Fashion, trova le sue motivazioni nella transizione ecologica, in cui la produzione non può più essere disconnessa da valutazioni di tipo etico, sociale ed ambientale. Per quanto riguarda la produzione di pelli, il processo prevede un elevato utilizzo di energia, di risorse naturali ed una sequenza di complessi processi chimici e meccanici che generano grandi quantità di rifiuti liquidi, gassosi e solidi, con le relative implicazioni ambientali. Di tutti i rifiuti, scarti e sottoprodotti derivanti, i rifiuti liquidi rappresentano il 15.2 % del totale, mentre quelli solidi si attestano al 26.1 % del totale. I primi sono prevalentemente derivanti dalle acque reflue dalle fasi di lavorazione ad umido (liquidi di concia), mentre quelli solidi provengono principalmente dalle lavorazioni meccaniche di spaccatura, rasatura, smerigliatura e rifilatura. In relativi, ogni metro quadrato di pelle prodotta genera 1,38 kg di rifiuti totali dei quali circa 0.36 kg sono di tipo solido e 0.21 kg di liquidi di concia. Con particolare riferimento al settore automotive ed alla produzione di pelli metal-free, e con l’obiettivo di affrontare le sfide ambientali correlate, questo studio si propone di affrontare una sfida industriale significativa: da un lato, la riduzione degli impatti ambientali legati alla produzione; dall’altro, l’integrazione concreta dei principi di circolarità attraverso il riutilizzo e la valorizzazione dei residui di lavorazione. Da un lato, si mira a sviluppare un approccio più sostenibile al processo di concia alla glutaraldeide, riducendo il suo impatto ambientale e migliorando l’efficienza del processo, con particolare attenzione alla quantità di reflui liquidi delle lavorazioni in botte. Dall’altro lato, lo studio esplora il potenziale dell’upcycling dei rifiuti da pelli wet-white dalle fasi meccaniche di rasatura, da utilizzare come filler per compositi a base di poliuretano termoplastico (TPU) per Additive Manufacturing mediante tecniche Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). Questa doppia strategia supporta un modello di economia circolare all’interno dell’industria conciaria, contribuendo sia alla riduzione dei rifiuti che allo sviluppo di materiali avanzati per applicazioni industriali.
ndustrial Case Study of Sustainability and Circularity in the Leather Automotive Sector: Reduction of Liquid Wastes and Recycling of Solid Residues into New Materials for FFF Additive Manufacturing
MASCOLO, ROSARIO
2026
Abstract
The new industrial revolution towards sustainability and circularity, driven by major Automotive and Fashion brands, finds its motivation in the ecological transition, where production can no longer be disconnected from ethical, social, and environmental aspects. In leather production, the process involves high energy consumption, use of natural resources, and a series of complex chemical and mechanical treatments that generate significant amounts of liquid, gaseous, and solid waste, with corresponding environmental implications. Among these, liquid waste accounts for 15.2 % of the total, while solid waste comprises 26.1 %. The former primarily originates from wastewater in wet processing stages (tanning liquors), while the latter mainly results from mechanical operations such as splitting, shaving, buffing, and trimming. Specifically, every square meter of leather produced generates approximately 1.38 kg of total waste, of which about 0.36 kg is solid, and 0.21 kg is tanning liquor. Focusing on the automotive sector and the production of metal-free leather, this study aims to address a significant industrial challenge: on one hand, reducing the environmental impacts associated with production; on the other, integrating circularity principles through the reuse and valorization of processing residues. Specifically, the study seeks to develop a more sustainable approach to glutaraldehyde tanning, reducing its environmental impact and improving process efficiency, with particular attention to the volume of liquid effluents from drum processing. Additionally, the study explores the potential of upcycling solid waste from wet-white leather shaving operations to produce fillers for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites for Additive Manufacturing using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) techniques. This dual strategy supports a circular economy model within the leather industry, contributing both to waste reduction and the development of advanced materials for industrial applications.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/372046
URN:NBN:IT:UNIBS-372046