In this work, we present the results of a study on 43 fragments of “pietra ollare” (soapstone) cooking pots and five ceramic vessels from the early medieval sites of Nogara, Leno, and Piuro. The main corpus of material analysed comprises 40 samples from Nogara, dated to the 9th-11th centuries. From these artefacts, encrustations of probable food origin adhering to the walls and bases of the pots were sampled and subjected to innovative analytical techniques that, to the best of our knowledge, had never been combined on medieval Italian finds before. To better understand past diets and culinary cultures, palaeoproteomic and palaeolipidomic analyses were employed. Palaeoproteomic analyses enable the detection and identification of ancient proteins preserved within a sample, whereas palaeolipidomics facilitates the investigation of its lipid components. The palaeoproteomic analytical protocol was, for the first time, specifically developed and applied at the Department of Biotechnology of the University of Verona. At the same time, thanks to a renewed collaboration, the BioArch laboratory at the University of York (United Kingdom) conducted the palaeolipidomic investigation. The results obtained, which relate exclusively to the context of Nogara, yielded significant and previously unknown data for the study of the use of “pietra ollare” in Italy and of medieval diet. The data provide direct evidence for the consumption of cattle meat, milk and dairy products, as well as plants such as millet and brassicas (Brassicaceae). In addition, the present study identified the presence of fish of brackish or marine origin. The data therefore confirm culinary practices involving the use of a diverse range of animal and plant resources. By combining the dietary evidence obtained through archaeometric analyses with functional reflections on the types and shapes of the investigated vessels, this study has enabled a more detailed understanding of the dietary and culinary culture at a 9th–10th-century settlement in the Po Plain.
Nel presente lavoro sono presentati i risultati dello studio di 43 frammenti di pentole in pietra ollare e di 5 vasi ceramici provenienti dai siti altomedievali di Nogara, Leno e Piuro. Il nucleo principale del materiale studiato è costituito da 40 campioni provenienti da Nogara e datati tra IX e XI secolo. Dai reperti sono state prelevate incrostazioni di probabile origine alimentare adese alle pareti e ai fondi delle pentole, alle quali sono state applicate tecniche analitiche innovative, mai combinate su reperti italiani di età medievale. Per comprendere meglio l’alimentazione e la cultura culinaria passata sono state infatti impiegate analisi paleoproteomiche e paleolipidomiche. Le analisi paleoproteomiche consentono di individuare e identificare le proteine antiche preservate all’interno di un campione, mentre la paleolipidomica consente di analizzarne la componente lipidica. Il protocollo analitico paleoproteomico è stato per la prima volta appositamente sviluppato e applicato presso il Dipartimento di Biotecnologie dell’Università di Verona, mentre l’indagine paleolipidomica ha visto la collaborazione e la realizzazione delle analisi presso l’Università di York (Regno Unito). I risultati ottenuti, ascrivibili al solo contesto di Nogara, hanno mostrato dati rilevanti e inediti nello studio dell’uso della pietra ollare in Italia e dell’alimentazione medievale, testimoniando concretamente il consumo di carni bovine, latte e derivati, ma anche di vegetali quali miglio e Brassicacee. Inoltre, è stata riscontrata la presenza di pesce di origine salmastra o marina. I dati confermano quindi pratiche culinarie che prevedevano l'uso di risorse animali e vegetali diversificate. L’incrocio di aspetti alimentari ottenuti dall’archeometria e di riflessioni funzionali sulle tipologie e forme di vasellame indagate ha permesso nel presente lavoro di tracciare un quadro di più dettagliato della cultura alimentare e culinaria presso un insediamento padano di IX-X secolo.
Cibo e cucina in età medievale: analisi dei residui organici nei contenitori in pietra ollare e ceramici
MONACO, DARIO
2026
Abstract
In this work, we present the results of a study on 43 fragments of “pietra ollare” (soapstone) cooking pots and five ceramic vessels from the early medieval sites of Nogara, Leno, and Piuro. The main corpus of material analysed comprises 40 samples from Nogara, dated to the 9th-11th centuries. From these artefacts, encrustations of probable food origin adhering to the walls and bases of the pots were sampled and subjected to innovative analytical techniques that, to the best of our knowledge, had never been combined on medieval Italian finds before. To better understand past diets and culinary cultures, palaeoproteomic and palaeolipidomic analyses were employed. Palaeoproteomic analyses enable the detection and identification of ancient proteins preserved within a sample, whereas palaeolipidomics facilitates the investigation of its lipid components. The palaeoproteomic analytical protocol was, for the first time, specifically developed and applied at the Department of Biotechnology of the University of Verona. At the same time, thanks to a renewed collaboration, the BioArch laboratory at the University of York (United Kingdom) conducted the palaeolipidomic investigation. The results obtained, which relate exclusively to the context of Nogara, yielded significant and previously unknown data for the study of the use of “pietra ollare” in Italy and of medieval diet. The data provide direct evidence for the consumption of cattle meat, milk and dairy products, as well as plants such as millet and brassicas (Brassicaceae). In addition, the present study identified the presence of fish of brackish or marine origin. The data therefore confirm culinary practices involving the use of a diverse range of animal and plant resources. By combining the dietary evidence obtained through archaeometric analyses with functional reflections on the types and shapes of the investigated vessels, this study has enabled a more detailed understanding of the dietary and culinary culture at a 9th–10th-century settlement in the Po Plain.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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CIBO E CUCINA IN ETÀ MEDIEVALE ANALISI DEI RESIDUI ORGANICI NEI CONTENITORI IN PIETRA OLLARE E CERAMICI_Monaco_.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/372197
URN:NBN:IT:UNIVR-372197