This dissertation examines the impact of the Italian golden power regime on company law, focusing on the way special governmental powers affect corporate governance, shareholding structures, shareholders’ rights and extraordinary transactions in strategic companies. It reconstructs the evolution of public intervention in strategic undertakings and the transition from the notion of companies of national interest to the special powers regime laid down by Decree-Law No. 21 of 15 March 2012. The first chapter examines the scope of application of special powers in capital companies, with particular attention to opposition to the acquisition of shareholdings, the notion of acquisition, relevant thresholds, shareholders’ agreements, indirect shareholdings, greenfield investments, and veto powers over corporate resolutions, acts and transactions. The second chapter focuses on procedural issues and on the corporate law effects of pre-notification and notification, addressing the duties of corporate bodies, the consequences of omitted or incorrect notification, the invalidity of non-compliant acts, and the impact of governmental prescriptions on corporate governance. The third chapter investigates the relationship between golden power and publicly owned companies, with reference to the incorporation, acquisition and disposal of shareholdings in strategic companies, public appointment rights within corporate bodies, and directors’ liability. The fourth chapter examines the interaction between golden power, listed companies and the market for corporate control, with particular regard to takeover bids, the anti-takeover function of special powers and the comparison with internal corporate defensive mechanisms. The research, also through a comparison with the French model of the action spécifique, highlights the systematic criticalities of the Italian framework and suggests the need for an organic rationalisation through a consolidated act on special powers and strategic companies.
La tesi analizza i profili societari del golden power, ricostruendo l’evoluzione dell’intervento pubblico nell’impresa strategica e il passaggio dalla società di interesse nazionale alla disciplina dei poteri speciali di cui al d.l. 15 marzo 2012, n. 21. Il primo capitolo esamina l’ambito applicativo dei poteri speciali nelle società di capitali, con particolare attenzione all’opposizione all’acquisto di partecipazioni, alla nozione di acquisto, alle soglie rilevanti, ai patti parasociali, alle partecipazioni indirette, agli investimenti greenfield, nonché ai poteri di veto su delibere, atti e operazioni societarie. Il secondo capitolo approfondisce i profili procedimentali e gli effetti societari della prenotifica e della notifica, soffermandosi sugli obblighi degli organi sociali, sulle conseguenze dell’omissione o dell’errata comunicazione, sull’invalidità degli atti non conformi e sull’incidenza delle prescrizioni governative sulla governance societaria. Il terzo capitolo indaga il rapporto tra golden power e società a partecipazione pubblica, con riferimento alla costituzione, all’acquisto e alla cessione di partecipazioni in società strategiche, alla nomina pubblica negli organi sociali e alla responsabilità degli amministratori. Il quarto capitolo esamina l’interferenza tra golden power, società quotate e mercato del controllo, con particolare riguardo alle offerte pubbliche di acquisto, alla funzione antiscalata dei poteri speciali e al confronto con gli strumenti difensivi endosocietari. L’indagine, anche attraverso il confronto con il modello francese dell’action spécifique, evidenzia le criticità sistematiche della disciplina e prospetta l’opportunità di una razionalizzazione organica mediante un testo unico dei poteri speciali e delle società strategiche.
Profili societari del golden power
CULMONE, MARCO
2026
Abstract
This dissertation examines the impact of the Italian golden power regime on company law, focusing on the way special governmental powers affect corporate governance, shareholding structures, shareholders’ rights and extraordinary transactions in strategic companies. It reconstructs the evolution of public intervention in strategic undertakings and the transition from the notion of companies of national interest to the special powers regime laid down by Decree-Law No. 21 of 15 March 2012. The first chapter examines the scope of application of special powers in capital companies, with particular attention to opposition to the acquisition of shareholdings, the notion of acquisition, relevant thresholds, shareholders’ agreements, indirect shareholdings, greenfield investments, and veto powers over corporate resolutions, acts and transactions. The second chapter focuses on procedural issues and on the corporate law effects of pre-notification and notification, addressing the duties of corporate bodies, the consequences of omitted or incorrect notification, the invalidity of non-compliant acts, and the impact of governmental prescriptions on corporate governance. The third chapter investigates the relationship between golden power and publicly owned companies, with reference to the incorporation, acquisition and disposal of shareholdings in strategic companies, public appointment rights within corporate bodies, and directors’ liability. The fourth chapter examines the interaction between golden power, listed companies and the market for corporate control, with particular regard to takeover bids, the anti-takeover function of special powers and the comparison with internal corporate defensive mechanisms. The research, also through a comparison with the French model of the action spécifique, highlights the systematic criticalities of the Italian framework and suggests the need for an organic rationalisation through a consolidated act on special powers and strategic companies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/373074
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPA-373074