The theme of employee retention emerged once the Fordist economic-productive paradigm had declined. The rise of the so-called “knowledge economy” and the idea that human capital represents a fundamental tool for competitive advantage for companies, together with the loosening of the bond between employers and employees, led first to the emergence of attraction and then to the retention of so-called “core workers” as issues of crucial importance for businesses. Consequently, at the beginning of the new millennium, the study of personnel retention began to attract the interest of labor law doctrine in Italy as well.The attention devoted to the topic, however, remained overall rather limited, soon being overshadowed by the emergence of other, more “urgent” issues connected to the adjustments of the new economic-productive system.Nevertheless, in very recent times, due to a combination of factors—some new, others already existing but simply more evident than in the past (continuous technological progress, mismatch between labor demand and supply, demographic decline, the so-called “Great Resignation,” etc.)—the issue of employee retention has taken on such importance among employers’ day-to-day concerns that it suggests the need for further, updated in-depth analysis, primarily from a legal perspective.It should be noted that a distinction is typically made between so-called “promotional” retention tools (which, while not legally obliging the worker to remain with the current employer, encourage their stay in various ways) and so-called “binding” retention tools (which instead involve the creation of genuine contractual obligations restricting the employee’s right to resign or legal limitations on their re-employment opportunities). This thesis focuses on the latter category, which more specifically includes three types of agreements: minimum guaranteed duration clauses, clauses extending the notice period, and non-compete covenants.Having highlighted that the binding retention tools mentioned are based on a tension between various rights and values, all constitutionally protected (right to work, freedom of private economic initiative, free competition), the paper examines the treatment reserved by the legal system to each of them, questioning its ability to ensure a satisfactory balance among the interests at stake.
La tematica della fidelizzazione dei dipendenti è emersa una volta tramontato il paradigma economico-produttivo fordista: l’affermarsi della c.d. “economia della conoscenza”, e dell’idea secondo cui il capitale umano rappresenta un fondamentale strumento di vantaggio competitivo per le imprese, insieme con l’allentarsi del legame tra datori di lavoro e dipendenti, infatti, ha portato all’imporsi della attraction, prima, e della retention, poi, dei c.d. “core workers” quali questioni di cruciale importanza nelle aziende, cosicché agli inizi del nuovo millennio lo studio della fidelizzazione del personale ha cominciato, anche in Italia, a catturare l’interesse della dottrina giuslavoristica. L’attenzione che è stata dedicata all’argomento, tuttavia, è rimasta complessivamente piuttosto contenuta, venendo presto scalzata dall’imporsi di altre, più “urgenti”, problematiche connesse agli assestamenti del nuovo sistema economico-produttivo. Nondimeno, in tempi recentissimi, in virtù del presentarsi di una congiuntura di fattori, in parte nuovi, in parte già esistenti e semplicemente più evidenti che in passato (continuo progresso tecnologico, mismatch tra domanda e offerta di lavoro, calo demografico, c.d. “grandi dimissioni”, ecc.) il profilo della fidelizzazione dei dipendenti ha assunto una importanza tale tra le preoccupazioni all’ordine del giorno dei datori di lavoro da suggerire l’opportunità di condurre ulteriori, aggiornati approfondimenti in chiave primariamente giuridica. Premesso che tipicamente si distingue tra strumenti di fidelizzazione c.d. “promozionale” (che pur non obbligando giuridicamente il lavoratore a non cambiare occupazione, in vario modo ne propiziano tuttavia la permanenza presso l’attuale datore di lavoro) e di fidelizzazione c.d. “vincolata” (che implicano, invece, la creazione di veri e propri vincoli contrattuali al recesso dei dipendenti ovvero di limiti giuridici alle relative opportunità di reimpiego), la tesi si concentra sulla seconda delle categorie menzionate, che, più specificamente, comprende tre tipologie di accordi: le clausole di durata minima garantita, le clausole di prolungamento del periodo di preavviso e i patti di non concorrenza. Evidenziato che alla base degli strumenti di fidelizzazione vincolata richiamati si ritrova una tensione tra diversi diritti e valori, tutti costituzionalmente tutelati (diritto al lavoro, libertà di iniziativa economica privata, libera concorrenza) nell'elaborato si esamina il trattamento riservato dall’ordinamento giuridico a ciascuno di essi, interrogandocisi sulla sua idoneità ad assicurare un soddisfacente bilanciamento tra gli interessi in gioco.
STRUMENTI DI FIDELIZZAZIONE VINCOLATA NEL RAPPORTO INDIVIDUALE E NEL MERCATO DEL LAVORO
MANFREDINI, ANNA
2026
Abstract
The theme of employee retention emerged once the Fordist economic-productive paradigm had declined. The rise of the so-called “knowledge economy” and the idea that human capital represents a fundamental tool for competitive advantage for companies, together with the loosening of the bond between employers and employees, led first to the emergence of attraction and then to the retention of so-called “core workers” as issues of crucial importance for businesses. Consequently, at the beginning of the new millennium, the study of personnel retention began to attract the interest of labor law doctrine in Italy as well.The attention devoted to the topic, however, remained overall rather limited, soon being overshadowed by the emergence of other, more “urgent” issues connected to the adjustments of the new economic-productive system.Nevertheless, in very recent times, due to a combination of factors—some new, others already existing but simply more evident than in the past (continuous technological progress, mismatch between labor demand and supply, demographic decline, the so-called “Great Resignation,” etc.)—the issue of employee retention has taken on such importance among employers’ day-to-day concerns that it suggests the need for further, updated in-depth analysis, primarily from a legal perspective.It should be noted that a distinction is typically made between so-called “promotional” retention tools (which, while not legally obliging the worker to remain with the current employer, encourage their stay in various ways) and so-called “binding” retention tools (which instead involve the creation of genuine contractual obligations restricting the employee’s right to resign or legal limitations on their re-employment opportunities). This thesis focuses on the latter category, which more specifically includes three types of agreements: minimum guaranteed duration clauses, clauses extending the notice period, and non-compete covenants.Having highlighted that the binding retention tools mentioned are based on a tension between various rights and values, all constitutionally protected (right to work, freedom of private economic initiative, free competition), the paper examines the treatment reserved by the legal system to each of them, questioning its ability to ensure a satisfactory balance among the interests at stake.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/374229
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPV-374229