Introduction: certain psychological characteristics—such as Type D personality, alexithymic traits, anxiety–depressive symptoms, and difficulties in managing negative emotions—have been associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiac events, lower adherence to medical treatments, and poorer quality of life. The literature has highlighted the benefits of psychological interventions focused on emotional regulation and psychosomatic relaxation in patients with cardiovascular disorders. Objective: the present study aimed to examine the psychological characteristics of a sample of patients with acquired cardiovascular diseases and to assess the effectiveness of an Emotional Skills Training combined with Psychosomatic Relaxation Training in improving anxiety–depressive symptoms, emotional regulation, adherence to medical treatment, and cardiovascular-related quality of life, as well as in reducing alexithymic traits and Type D personality features. Method: a total of 106 patients with cardiovascular diseases underwent a psychological screening through the administration of psychometric questionnaires assessing anxiety, depression, anger, aggressiveness, emotional regulation, Type D personality, alexithymic traits, cardiac-related quality of life, and adherence to medical treatment. Of these, 32 patients were included in an experimental study: 17 were assigned to the control group and 15 to the experimental group, which received an intervention combining Emotional Skills Training with Psychosomatic Relaxation Training. The control group received only standard medical therapy. Both groups were assessed before the intervention and three months after the end of treatment. Results: findings from this exploratory study confirm the crucial role of psychological factors in influencing quality of life and treatment adherence among cardiac patients. Specifically, Type D personality, depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and alexithymic traits were significantly associated with poorer cardiac-related quality of life and lower adherence to treatment. The effects of Type D personality appeared to be mediated by anxiety–depressive symptoms. Within the experimental study, the Emotional Skills and Psychosomatic Relaxation intervention proved effective in significantly reducing anxiety symptoms and improving cardiac-related quality of life. Furthermore, although not reaching statistical significance, other psychological variables also showed an improvement trend in the experimental group. Conclusions: the results highlight the importance of psychological assessment in clinical management of cardiac patients. Psychological interventions aimed at enhancing emotional regulation and psychosomatic relaxation may improve perceived cardiovascular health and reduce anxiety symptoms. The integration of such interventions into routine clinical practice could enhance both physical and mental health outcomes, improve quality of care, and reduce healthcare costs in the management of cardiac patient
Introduzione: alcune caratteristiche psicologiche come la personalità di tipo D, i tratti alessitimici , i sintomi ansioso - depressivi e difficoltà nella gestione delle emozioni negative sono associat e a d un rischio aumentato di sviluppare eventi cardiaci avversi, ad una più scarsa aderenza alle terapie e a d una peggiore qualità della vita . La letteratura scientifica ha evidenziato l'utilità di interventi psicologici incentrati sulla regolazione emotiva e sul rilassamento psicosomatico nei pazienti con disturbi cardiovascolari . Obiettivo: il presente studio si è posto l’obiettivo di esamina re le caratteristiche psicologiche di un campione pazienti con patologie cardiovascolari acquisite e di valutare l’efficacia di un Emotional Skills Training e Training di Rilassamento Psicosomatico nel migliorare la sintomatologia ansioso - depressiva, la regolazione emotiva, l’aderenza al trattamento medico , la qualità della vita cardiovascolare e nel ridurre i tratti alessitimici e la personalità di tipo D . Metodo: un gruppo di 106 pazienti con patologie cardiovascolari è stato sottoposto a screening psicologico attraverso la somministrazione di questionari psicometrici finalizzati a valutare ansia, depressione, rabbia, aggressività, regolazione emotiva, personalità di tipo D, tratti alessitimici, qualità di vita correlata alla salute cardiaca e aderenza al trattamento medico. Di questi 106 pazienti , 32 sono stati inclusi in uno studio sperimentale . 17 sono stati assegnati al gruppo di controllo e 15 al gruppo sperimentale che ha ricevuto un intervento di Emotional Skills associato ad un training di rilassamento psicosomatico . Il gruppo di controllo ha seguito soltanto la terapia medica tradizionale. Entrambi i gruppi sono stati rivalutati prima dell’intervento e a tre mesi dalla fine del trattamento. Risultati: i risultati dello studio esplorativo confermano il ruolo dei fattori psicologici nell ’influenzare qualità della vita e aderenza terapeutica dei pazienti cardiologici. In particolare, la personalità di tipo D, i sintomi depressivi, l’ansia di tratto e i tratti alessitimici rappresentano fattori significativ amente associati a più scarse qualità di vita cardiaca e più scarsa aderenza al trattamento . Gli effetti della personalità D sono apparsi mediati dai sintomi ansioso - depressivi. All’interno dello studio sperimentale, l’intervento di emotional skills training e di rilassamento psicosomatico è risultato efficace nel ridurre significativamente i sintomi ansios i e nel migliorare la qualità della vita cardiaca. Inoltre, pur non raggiunge ndo la significatività statistica, anche altre variabili psicologiche presen tavano una direzione in miglioramento nel gruppo sperimentale. Conclusioni: i risultati supportano l’importanza del la valutazione psicologica nel percorso di cura dei pazienti cardiologici. I nterventi psicologici orientati alla regolazione emotiva e al rilassamento psicosomatico posson o migliorare la qualità della salute cardiovascolare percepita dai pazienti e ridurre la sintomatologia ansiosa . L’integrazione strutturata di tali interventi nella routine clinica quotidiana potrebbe migliorare gli esiti di salute fisica e mentale, aumentando la qualità assistenziale e a bbattendo i costi sanitari nella gestione dei pazienti cardiologici.
Emotional Skills Training e Training di Rilassamento in pazienti affetti da patologie cardiovascolari Un protocollo di intervento sperimentale
SEVERO, MELANIA
2026
Abstract
Introduction: certain psychological characteristics—such as Type D personality, alexithymic traits, anxiety–depressive symptoms, and difficulties in managing negative emotions—have been associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiac events, lower adherence to medical treatments, and poorer quality of life. The literature has highlighted the benefits of psychological interventions focused on emotional regulation and psychosomatic relaxation in patients with cardiovascular disorders. Objective: the present study aimed to examine the psychological characteristics of a sample of patients with acquired cardiovascular diseases and to assess the effectiveness of an Emotional Skills Training combined with Psychosomatic Relaxation Training in improving anxiety–depressive symptoms, emotional regulation, adherence to medical treatment, and cardiovascular-related quality of life, as well as in reducing alexithymic traits and Type D personality features. Method: a total of 106 patients with cardiovascular diseases underwent a psychological screening through the administration of psychometric questionnaires assessing anxiety, depression, anger, aggressiveness, emotional regulation, Type D personality, alexithymic traits, cardiac-related quality of life, and adherence to medical treatment. Of these, 32 patients were included in an experimental study: 17 were assigned to the control group and 15 to the experimental group, which received an intervention combining Emotional Skills Training with Psychosomatic Relaxation Training. The control group received only standard medical therapy. Both groups were assessed before the intervention and three months after the end of treatment. Results: findings from this exploratory study confirm the crucial role of psychological factors in influencing quality of life and treatment adherence among cardiac patients. Specifically, Type D personality, depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and alexithymic traits were significantly associated with poorer cardiac-related quality of life and lower adherence to treatment. The effects of Type D personality appeared to be mediated by anxiety–depressive symptoms. Within the experimental study, the Emotional Skills and Psychosomatic Relaxation intervention proved effective in significantly reducing anxiety symptoms and improving cardiac-related quality of life. Furthermore, although not reaching statistical significance, other psychological variables also showed an improvement trend in the experimental group. Conclusions: the results highlight the importance of psychological assessment in clinical management of cardiac patients. Psychological interventions aimed at enhancing emotional regulation and psychosomatic relaxation may improve perceived cardiovascular health and reduce anxiety symptoms. The integration of such interventions into routine clinical practice could enhance both physical and mental health outcomes, improve quality of care, and reduce healthcare costs in the management of cardiac patient| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/374731
URN:NBN:IT:UNIFG-374731