More than seventy years after its constitutional recognition and sixteen years after the reform introduced by Law no. 240/2010, university autonomy is in a state of marked tension. External rules and constraints significantly affect universities, compressing their right to self-governance and the academic freedom of professors and researchers, to the point of eroding the original conception of university autonomy set out in Article 33 of the Constitution. This paper examines the extent to which such autonomy is currently constrained or limited by legislative provisions, evaluation mechanisms, and the principle of accountability. The analysis is structured around four main thematic axes: the constitutional, legislative, and theoretical meaning of university autonomy within the Italian legal system; the balance between autonomy and accountability of universities, with particular attention to legislative constraints and evaluation tools; the dependence of ANVUR on the Ministry; and a comparison with the Flemish model. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach that integrates legal, historical, and comparative analysis, this study examines Italian constitutional and legislative provisions, with particular reference to Law no. 240/2010 and the role of the National Agency for the Evaluation of the University and Research System (ANVUR), in order to highlight their impact on university autonomy. The paper shows how the triad autonomy, responsibility, evaluation, although originally intended to promote the quality and transparency of the university system, has progressively turned into an instrument of centralised control, thereby limiting the effective autonomy of universities and researchers. Finally, the comparison with the Belgian university system, and in particular the Flemish one, provides useful insights for a possible reconsideration on university autonomy in Italy.
A più di settant’anni dal suo riconoscimento costituzionale e a sedici anni dalla riforma introdotta dalla legge n. 240/2010, l’autonomia universitaria si trova in una condizione di marcata tensione. Norme e vincoli esterni incidono significativamente sulle Università, comprimendone il diritto di autogoverno e la libertà accademica di docenti e ricercatori, fino a erodere l’originaria concezione di autonomia universitaria delineata dall’art. 33 Cost. Il presente elaborato analizza in che misura tale autonomia risulti oggi vincolata o limitata da disposizioni legislative, dai meccanismi di valutazione e dal principio di accountability. L’indagine si articola attorno a quattro principali assi tematici: il significato costituzionale, legislativo e teorico dell’autonomia universitaria nell’ordinamento italiano; il bilanciamento tra autonomia e accountability delle Università, con particolare attenzione ai vincoli legislativi e agli strumenti di valutazione; la dipendenza dell’ANVUR dal Ministero; il confronto con il modello fiammingo. Attraverso un approccio multidisciplinare, che integra l’analisi giuridica, storica e compara, la ricerca esamina le disposizioni costituzionali e legislative italiane, con particolare riferimento alla legge n. 240/2010 e al ruolo dell’Agenzia Nazionale di Valutazione del Sistema Universitario e della Ricerca (ANVUR), al fine di evidenziarne l’impatto sull’autonomia universitaria. L’elaborato mostra come il trinomio autonomia, responsabilità, valutazione, pur originariamente volto a promuovere la qualità e la trasparenza del sistema universitario, si sia progressivamente trasformato in uno strumento di controllo centralizzato, limitando l’effettiva autonomia degli atenei e dei ricercatori. Infine, il confronto con il sistema universitario belga, e in particolare con quello fiammingo, offre spunti utili per una possibile riconsiderazione dell’autonomia universitaria in Italia.
AUTONOMIA UNIVERSITARIA E SISTEMA DI VALUTAZIONE: TRA VINCOLI E RESPONSABILITÀ
IEMMA, MARTINA
2026
Abstract
More than seventy years after its constitutional recognition and sixteen years after the reform introduced by Law no. 240/2010, university autonomy is in a state of marked tension. External rules and constraints significantly affect universities, compressing their right to self-governance and the academic freedom of professors and researchers, to the point of eroding the original conception of university autonomy set out in Article 33 of the Constitution. This paper examines the extent to which such autonomy is currently constrained or limited by legislative provisions, evaluation mechanisms, and the principle of accountability. The analysis is structured around four main thematic axes: the constitutional, legislative, and theoretical meaning of university autonomy within the Italian legal system; the balance between autonomy and accountability of universities, with particular attention to legislative constraints and evaluation tools; the dependence of ANVUR on the Ministry; and a comparison with the Flemish model. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach that integrates legal, historical, and comparative analysis, this study examines Italian constitutional and legislative provisions, with particular reference to Law no. 240/2010 and the role of the National Agency for the Evaluation of the University and Research System (ANVUR), in order to highlight their impact on university autonomy. The paper shows how the triad autonomy, responsibility, evaluation, although originally intended to promote the quality and transparency of the university system, has progressively turned into an instrument of centralised control, thereby limiting the effective autonomy of universities and researchers. Finally, the comparison with the Belgian university system, and in particular the Flemish one, provides useful insights for a possible reconsideration on university autonomy in Italy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/376747
URN:NBN:IT:UNIMI-376747