This doctoral thesis describes the findings of a historical-pedagogical study on female education, ‘frontier’ female teachers and on certain aspects of educational deprivation in Sicily from the nineteenth century to the present day.Objectives: The aim of the research was to examine social change in Sicily’s ‘frontier’ areas, from the rural female teachers of the late nineteenth century to the ‘frontier’ female teachers of our time. In this regard, the sources uncovered in various archives relating to the history of the Pietro Domina Institute in Petralia Sottana proved invaluable; this was a women’s teacher-training college where the first rural female teachers of Western Sicily were trained. The central section of the thesis devotes considerable space to rural female teachers, presenting several portraits of them and highlighting how their work was instrumental in the fight against illiteracy. The study then turned its attention to contemporary contexts and to ‘frontier’ teachers, who are not longer stationed in the mountains or in inaccessible areas, but in poor neighbourhoods and on the outskirts of cities. In this regard, the research concluded with a pedagogical reflection on early school leaving and educational deprivation in Sicily today, ultimately taking the Sperone neighbourhood of Palermo as an emblematic case study, where many ‘frontier teachers’ work and, through their efforts, help to bring back into education those pupils who are at risk of giving up their studies for good.Methodology adopted: archival research, analysis of documents using a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, and field-based action research employing narrative methods. Ministerial documents, critical literature, articles from academic journals, newspapers, testimonies, archival sources, iconographic sources and audio-visual sources have reconstructed the history of girls’ education, as well as the status and role of female teaching professionals in frontier areas from the nineteenth century to the present day.Results and Conclusions: the role played by rural female teachers, from the Tuscan countryside to the Sicilian hinterland, was decisive in transforming schooling from the grassroots up. Today’s frontier teachers are not different, even if the context in which they operate is different: the exclusion that once took the form of a closed door now presents itself as an open door through which one can slip out unseen, as demonstrated by the most recent ISTAT data on early school leaving, particularly in southern Italy.
Il presente elaborato descrive i risultati di una ricerca storico-pedagogica sull’educazione femminile, sulle maestre di “frontiere” e su alcuni aspetti delle povertà educative in Sicilia dall’Ottocento fino ad oggi. Obiettivi: l’obiettivo della ricerca è stato verificare il cambiamento sociale nei luoghi di “frontiera” della Sicilia, dalle maestre rurali di fine Ottocento alle maestre di frontiere del nostro tempo. A questo proposito, preziose sono state le fonti rinvenute in diversi archivi relative alla storia dell’Istituto Pietro Domina sito a Petralia Sottana, una scuola magistrale femminile alla quale si formarono le prime maestre rurali della Sicilia Occidentale. Nella parte centrale del lavoro di tesi ampio spazio è dedicato alle maestre rurali, di cui si presentano diversi ritratti e il cui operato fu determinante per la lotta all’analfabetismo. L’indagine è stata poi rivolta ai contesti odierni e alle maestre di “frontiere” che oggi non sono più dislocate sulle montagne o in luoghi impervi, ma nei quartieri poveri e ai margini delle città. A questo proposito, il lavoro di ricerca si è concluso con una riflessione pedagogica sulla dispersione scolastica e sulle povertà educative nella Sicilia di oggi, prendendo alla fine come caso emblematico il quartiere Sperone di Palermo dove lavorano molte “maestre di frontiere” che, con il loro lavoro, contribuiscono a recuperare quegli allievi e quelle allieve che rischiano di rinunciare per sempre agli studi.Metodologia adottata: ricerca d’archivio, lettura dei documenti mediante uno stile fenomenologico-ermeneutico e ricerca-intervento sul campo con metodi narrativi. Documenti ministeriali, letteratura critica, articoli di riviste scientifiche, quotidiani, testimonianze, fonti archivistiche, fonti iconografiche, fonti audio-visive hanno restituito la storia dell’istruzione femminile, la condizione e il ruolo della professionalità magistrale femminile nei luoghi di frontiera dall’Ottocento ad oggi. Risultati e Conclusioni: il ruolo giocato dalle maestre rurali, dalla campagna toscana all’entroterra siciliano, fu determinante per trasformare la scuola dal basso. Non diverse sono oggi le maestre di frontiere, anche se diverso è il contesto odierno in cui operano: l’esclusione che un tempo prendeva la forma della porta chiusa si presenta ora come una porta aperta da cui si può uscire senza essere visti, come dimostrano i più recenti dati ISTAT sull’abbandono precoce soprattutto nel Mezzogiorno d’Italia.
Maestre di “frontiere” in Sicilia. Un’indagine storico-pedagogica sull’educazione femminile dall’Ottocento a oggi
BALDI, RITA
2026
Abstract
This doctoral thesis describes the findings of a historical-pedagogical study on female education, ‘frontier’ female teachers and on certain aspects of educational deprivation in Sicily from the nineteenth century to the present day.Objectives: The aim of the research was to examine social change in Sicily’s ‘frontier’ areas, from the rural female teachers of the late nineteenth century to the ‘frontier’ female teachers of our time. In this regard, the sources uncovered in various archives relating to the history of the Pietro Domina Institute in Petralia Sottana proved invaluable; this was a women’s teacher-training college where the first rural female teachers of Western Sicily were trained. The central section of the thesis devotes considerable space to rural female teachers, presenting several portraits of them and highlighting how their work was instrumental in the fight against illiteracy. The study then turned its attention to contemporary contexts and to ‘frontier’ teachers, who are not longer stationed in the mountains or in inaccessible areas, but in poor neighbourhoods and on the outskirts of cities. In this regard, the research concluded with a pedagogical reflection on early school leaving and educational deprivation in Sicily today, ultimately taking the Sperone neighbourhood of Palermo as an emblematic case study, where many ‘frontier teachers’ work and, through their efforts, help to bring back into education those pupils who are at risk of giving up their studies for good.Methodology adopted: archival research, analysis of documents using a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, and field-based action research employing narrative methods. Ministerial documents, critical literature, articles from academic journals, newspapers, testimonies, archival sources, iconographic sources and audio-visual sources have reconstructed the history of girls’ education, as well as the status and role of female teaching professionals in frontier areas from the nineteenth century to the present day.Results and Conclusions: the role played by rural female teachers, from the Tuscan countryside to the Sicilian hinterland, was decisive in transforming schooling from the grassroots up. Today’s frontier teachers are not different, even if the context in which they operate is different: the exclusion that once took the form of a closed door now presents itself as an open door through which one can slip out unseen, as demonstrated by the most recent ISTAT data on early school leaving, particularly in southern Italy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/385148
URN:NBN:IT:UNIPA-385148