ABSTRACT. The present thesis is a corpus-based Interpreting study consisting of a proposal for a gestaltic subjective evaluation of quality in television broadcast simultaneous interpreting. The main objective of the research was to build and test a model of quality assessment based on the gestaltic perception both of speech and the sound-image perceived through the audiovisual medium. The model of gestaltic perception adopted is the one formed by voice-syllable-prosody-sense-context-(linguistic) knowledge of the world, proposed in “Il volto fonico delle parole” (Albano Leoni 2009), which is a re-elaborated version of the model based on melody-rhythm-words-sentences, proposed by Karl Bϋhler in his “Theory of Language” (1934). A thematic corpus was built consisting of 2 Italian and 2 Spanish (Spain and United States) interpretations of the 2012 US Presidential Debates: the corpus ORenesit (Obama-Romney English español italiano) is included in the reference corpus CorIT (Italian Television Interpreting Corpus). The assessment model was tested in a questionnaire-based pilot survey including 3 video excerpts from the Italian interpretations of the 2008 Third Presidential Debate (Obama vs. McCain), since the corpus ORenesit had not been completed yet. One of the 3 video excerpts was modified for experimental purpose: the interpreter’s voice was replaced with the voice of a professional actor and dubber, who imitated in studio the original interpretation while reading the transcript and listening to the speaker. This choice was made to fulfill two needs, mainly related to the ecological validity of the experiment: i) to test the effect of a telegenic voice; and ii) to use a natural and personal expression of the subject. The questionnaire was built on categories extracted from the “La vive voix” (Fónagy 1983) and “L’Audio-Vision” (Chion 1990). The data obtained were treated statistically. Results of the qualitative and quantitative research seem to confirm a gestaltic perception of interpreting speech received through audio-vision and formed by the following components: sound-image; syllable-melody(-voice-personality), words-sentences. Results seem to raise doubts on the effectiveness of the quantitative approach to the analysis of speech perception.
RESUMEN. La presente tesis doctoral es un estudio de interpretación basado en corpus y consiste en una propuesta de evaluación subjetiva de tipo gestáltico de la interpretación simultánea transmitida por televisión. El objetivo principal del estudio ha sido la construcción de un modelo de evaluación de la calidad basado en la percepción gestáltica del habla y del sonido-imagen percibido a través del medio auiovisual. El modelo de percepción gestáltica adoptado está formado por voz-sílaba-prosodia-sentido-contexto-conocimiento (lingϋístico) del mundo, propuesto en “Il volto fonico delle parole” (Albano Leoni 2009), que es una reelaboración del modelo basado en melodía-ritmo-palabras-oraciones, propuesto por Karl Bϋhler en su “Teoría del lenguaje” (1934). Se construyó un corpus temático formado por las interpretaciones en italiano (2) y en español (2 – España y Estados Unidos) de los Debates Presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2012: el corpus ORenesit (Obama-Romney English español italiano) se incluye en el corpus de referencia CorIT (Corpus Italiano de Interpretación Televisiva). El modelo de evaluación fue ensayado en una encuesta piloto basada en cuestionario, que incluye 3 extractos vídeo de la interpretación en italiano del Tercer Debate Presidencial de EE.UU. de 2008, entre Obama y McCain, debido a que el corpus ORenesit todavía no se había terminado. Uno de los tres vídeos fue modificado por fines experimentales: la voz del intérprete original se sustituyó por la de un actor doblador profesional que imitó en estudio la interpretación original leyendo la transcripción y escuchando al orador. Esta decisión respondía a dos necesidades, relacionadas sobre todo a la validez ecológica del experimento: a) ensayar el efecto de una voz telegénica; b) utilizar la expresión natural y personal del sujeto. El cuestionario se construyó sobre categorías extraídas de “La vive voix” (Fónagy 1983) e “L’Audio-Vision” (Chion 1990). Los datos obtenidos del cuestionario se trataron estadísticamente. Los resultados del estudio cuali-cuantitativo parecen confirmar una percepción gestáltica de la interpretación simultánea percibida a través del medio audio-visual formada por las componentes: sonido-imagen, sílaba-melodía(-voz-personalidad), palabras-oraciones. Lor resultados parecen poner en duda la efectividad del enfoque cuantitativo para el análisis de la percepción del habla.
VOICE QUALITY AND TV INTERPRETING: A PROPOSAL FOR A GESTALTIC EVALUATION
DE GREGORIS, GREGORIO
2016
Abstract
ABSTRACT. The present thesis is a corpus-based Interpreting study consisting of a proposal for a gestaltic subjective evaluation of quality in television broadcast simultaneous interpreting. The main objective of the research was to build and test a model of quality assessment based on the gestaltic perception both of speech and the sound-image perceived through the audiovisual medium. The model of gestaltic perception adopted is the one formed by voice-syllable-prosody-sense-context-(linguistic) knowledge of the world, proposed in “Il volto fonico delle parole” (Albano Leoni 2009), which is a re-elaborated version of the model based on melody-rhythm-words-sentences, proposed by Karl Bϋhler in his “Theory of Language” (1934). A thematic corpus was built consisting of 2 Italian and 2 Spanish (Spain and United States) interpretations of the 2012 US Presidential Debates: the corpus ORenesit (Obama-Romney English español italiano) is included in the reference corpus CorIT (Italian Television Interpreting Corpus). The assessment model was tested in a questionnaire-based pilot survey including 3 video excerpts from the Italian interpretations of the 2008 Third Presidential Debate (Obama vs. McCain), since the corpus ORenesit had not been completed yet. One of the 3 video excerpts was modified for experimental purpose: the interpreter’s voice was replaced with the voice of a professional actor and dubber, who imitated in studio the original interpretation while reading the transcript and listening to the speaker. This choice was made to fulfill two needs, mainly related to the ecological validity of the experiment: i) to test the effect of a telegenic voice; and ii) to use a natural and personal expression of the subject. The questionnaire was built on categories extracted from the “La vive voix” (Fónagy 1983) and “L’Audio-Vision” (Chion 1990). The data obtained were treated statistically. Results of the qualitative and quantitative research seem to confirm a gestaltic perception of interpreting speech received through audio-vision and formed by the following components: sound-image; syllable-melody(-voice-personality), words-sentences. Results seem to raise doubts on the effectiveness of the quantitative approach to the analysis of speech perception.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/62470
URN:NBN:IT:UNITS-62470