POPULISM AND REFLEXIVE MODERNIZATION. THE SOCIAL ROOTS OF CONTEMPORARY POPULISM Populism today is living of his luckiest moments in history: a lot of populist leaders have been elected and many parties labelled as populist are born and gain surprising results. All these new examples of populism don’t share much characteristics except the common opposition to a supranational élite. The aim of this work is to focus on the basis of the power of contemporary populism, observing it in relation to the different kind of élites in power during the reflexive modernization. In particular the focus will be upon the Neo-liberal élite the is considered as leading the contemporary society. To gain this goal the relationship between populism and social change is analysed comparing the most known definition of populism and some description of the post-industrial society. The work is structured into five chapters and each one of them represent a step toward the description of the possibilities that populism has in contemporary society. First of all, the concept of populism is analysed with the aim to build up a personal definition that could relate this concept to the social change. Populism will be considered as a set of strategies useful to build up an ideology that mobilize the part of the society in contrast with the dominant ideas of the élite. At the same time the one of the conclusion is that populism has more possibilities to success when the élite is ideologizes some social positions making them traits of social distinction. This analysis is followed by the one on ressentiment considered as the mental process at the basis of the agreement to populist propaganda. The next chapters are about the path of populism in society from Seventies till nowadays. So the causes of the power of populism today are examined from a double perspective: the first one is periodic and the second one is progressive. The first watches the cycles of the élites and the second observes the growing ressentiment caused by the neo-liberal strategies and attitudes. The diffusion of populism in contemporary society is seen as resulting from the combining effect of the decline of the Neo-Liberal Era and many contradictions of this ideology in order to create ressentiment in the society.
Che il populismo nell’ultimo decennio attraversi un momento di particolare fortuna è fuor di dubbio, molti leader populisti sono stati eletti e molti partiti etichettati allo stesso modo sono nati e hanno da subito ottenuto risultati sorprendenti. Tutti questi “nuovi” esempi di populismo hanno ben poco in comune tra loro, se non l’opposizione ad un’élite che sembra superare i confini nazionali ed estendersi in ogni continente. L’elaborato mira ad evidenziare le cause alla base dell’attuale fortuna del populismo, osservandolo in relazione ai modelli all’élite che si sono susseguiti nella modernizzazione riflessiva, con particolare attenzione all’élite neo-liberale, considerata dominante nella società contemporanea. Per raggiungere questo obbiettivo il rapporto tra populismo e mutamento sociale è osservato attraverso un’ottica il più ampia possibile, che comprende alcune delle più note definizioni politiche e sociali del populismo ed alcune descrizioni della società post-industriale. L’elaborato si compone di cinque capitoli ognuno dei quali aggiunge un tassello alla descrizione dell’attuale fortuna del populismo. Dapprima si analizza il concetto di populismo al fine di proporre una nuova definizione che permetta di rapportarlo al mutamento sociale. Il lavoro considera il populismo come un insieme di strategie atte a costruire un’ideologia che movimenta la parte di società con una mentalità opposta a quella dell’élite. Allo stesso tempo si presenta il momento più propizio per l’affermazione del populismo in corrispondenza dell’ideologizzazione, che avviene quando l’élite assolutizza alcune posizioni sociali facendole corrispondere ad elementi di distinzione della posizione sociale. All’analisi del populismo segue quella del risentimento, inteso come processo mentale alla base della propensione ad accogliere la propaganda populista. Nei capitoli che seguono si descrivono le propensioni sociali del populismo dagli anni Settanta ad oggi in una doppia chiave di lettura: la prima è ciclica e osserva l’ideologizzazione dell’élite all’apice del suo corso; la seconda è progressiva e guarda al crescente sviluppo del risentimento. La diffusione del populismo contemporaneo è dunque osservata come risultante dal declino dell’élite neo-liberale dopo aver raggiunto il suo apice e dalle contraddizioni del modello politico e sociale del neo-liberalismo che propende alla diffusione del risentimento.
POPULISMO E MODERNIZZAZIONE RIFLESSIVA. LE RADICI SOCIALI DEL POPULISMO CONTEMPORANEO
SCOLARI, ANDREA
2020
Abstract
POPULISM AND REFLEXIVE MODERNIZATION. THE SOCIAL ROOTS OF CONTEMPORARY POPULISM Populism today is living of his luckiest moments in history: a lot of populist leaders have been elected and many parties labelled as populist are born and gain surprising results. All these new examples of populism don’t share much characteristics except the common opposition to a supranational élite. The aim of this work is to focus on the basis of the power of contemporary populism, observing it in relation to the different kind of élites in power during the reflexive modernization. In particular the focus will be upon the Neo-liberal élite the is considered as leading the contemporary society. To gain this goal the relationship between populism and social change is analysed comparing the most known definition of populism and some description of the post-industrial society. The work is structured into five chapters and each one of them represent a step toward the description of the possibilities that populism has in contemporary society. First of all, the concept of populism is analysed with the aim to build up a personal definition that could relate this concept to the social change. Populism will be considered as a set of strategies useful to build up an ideology that mobilize the part of the society in contrast with the dominant ideas of the élite. At the same time the one of the conclusion is that populism has more possibilities to success when the élite is ideologizes some social positions making them traits of social distinction. This analysis is followed by the one on ressentiment considered as the mental process at the basis of the agreement to populist propaganda. The next chapters are about the path of populism in society from Seventies till nowadays. So the causes of the power of populism today are examined from a double perspective: the first one is periodic and the second one is progressive. The first watches the cycles of the élites and the second observes the growing ressentiment caused by the neo-liberal strategies and attitudes. The diffusion of populism in contemporary society is seen as resulting from the combining effect of the decline of the Neo-Liberal Era and many contradictions of this ideology in order to create ressentiment in the society.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14242/68343
URN:NBN:IT:UNIGE-68343